“我交朋友变得容易多了”：自闭症谱系障碍儿童及其家庭参与儿童社交团体项目的经历
"I made friends a lot more easily": children and families' experiences of social group programs for children on the autism spectrum.
作者信息
Hayden-Evans Maya, Afsharnejad Bahareh, Lee Elinda Ai Lim, Milbourn Ben, Picen Tanya, Johnson Mathew, Bölte Sven, Girdler Sonya
机构信息
Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
出版信息
BMC Pediatr. 2025 May 3;25(1):353. doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-05686-6.
BACKGROUND
Social Skills Group Programs (SSGP) target the social communication and interaction skills of children on the autism spectrum. This qualitative study explored lived experiences of children and families who participated in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the efficacy of KONTAKT™ adapted for younger children (8 to 12 years) in comparison to an active control social art group (ART Legends).
METHODS
Semi-structured interviews were conducted online with parents (n = 37) and children (n = 35) who participated in the RCT, immediately following the interventions. Interview questions were designed to elicit responses relating to program content, structure, and experiences. The data were analysed using a deductive coding framework.
RESULTS
Findings suggest SSGPs such as KONTAKT™, implementing multiple teaching strategies, and less structured social group activities such as ART Legends can both have a perceived positive influence on outcomes. More children in the KONTAKT™ group reportedly improved their social skills than those in the art group. Overall, participants' experiences were predominantly positive. Both barriers (e.g., session timing, distance from home) and facilitators (e.g., support of family members) to participation were identified; feelings towards individual aspects of the groups were dependent on a range of personal factors (e.g., existing commitments).
CONCLUSION
This study describes experiences of organised social group participation from the perspectives of children on the spectrum and their families, supporting the positive influence of such contexts for autistic youth. Suggestions made by participants to improve social groups are presented, contributing to ongoing development of SSGPs for children on the spectrum.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
(1) Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12619000994189, registered 12 July 2019, anzctr.org.au; (2) ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04024111 registered 1 December 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov .
背景
社交技能小组项目（SSGP）旨在提升自闭症谱系儿童的社交沟通与互动技能。本定性研究探讨了参与一项随机对照试验（RCT）的儿童及其家庭的生活经历，该试验评估了专为年幼儿童（8至12岁）改编的KONTAKT™与一个积极对照社交艺术小组（艺术传奇）相比的疗效。
方法
在干预结束后，立即通过在线方式对参与RCT的家长（n = 37）和儿童（n = 35）进行半结构化访谈。访谈问题旨在引出与项目内容、结构和经历相关的回答。使用演绎编码框架对数据进行分析。
结果
研究结果表明，诸如KONTAKT™这样实施多种教学策略的社交技能小组项目，以及像艺术传奇这样结构较松散的社交小组活动，都可能对结果产生积极影响。据报道，KONTAKT™组中改善社交技能的儿童比艺术组更多。总体而言，参与者的经历大多是积极的。确定了参与的障碍（如课程时间、离家距离）和促进因素（如家庭成员的支持）；对小组各个方面的感受取决于一系列个人因素（如现有事务）。
结论
本研究从谱系儿童及其家庭的角度描述了有组织的社交小组参与经历，支持了此类环境对自闭症青少年的积极影响。呈现了参与者提出的改善社交小组的建议，有助于持续开发针对谱系儿童的社交技能小组项目。
试验注册
（1）澳大利亚新西兰临床试验注册中心（ANZCTR）：ACTRN12619000994189，于2019年7月12日注册，anzctr.org.au；（2）ClinicalTrials.gov：NCT04024111于2019年12月1日注册，https://clinicaltrials.gov 。
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