Wiseblatt Aria F, Zaso Michelle J, Kerr Emalee, Read Jennifer P
University at Buffalo, SUNY, USA.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2025 May 3:15248380251338067. doi: 10.1177/15248380251338067.
Sexual assault (SA) remains a significant public health issue, and there is growing interest in SA prevention approaches. Bystander intervention (BI) programs aimed at increasing individuals' willingness to intervene when they witness problematic situations show promise. However, social contexts that are high-risk for SA often involve alcohol, which may impact bystanders' abilities to intervene. Indeed, theoretical and empirical work has suggested that alcohol may impact BI. However, research has yet to quantitatively and systematically review extant literature to quantify whether and how much alcohol might impair BI. The current meta-analysis estimated associations between bystander alcohol use and BI in real, imagined, or hypothetical SA scenarios within both experimental and correlational/naturalistic studies, disaggregating the latter into BI behaviors, intentions, and attitudes. Database searches and author requests yielded 27 eligible articles ( = 11,139) for meta-analysis. Results suggested that naturalistic alcohol use (i.e., alcohol use as it occurs across daily life) may be negatively correlated with bystander intentions only ( = 15, = -.08, < .001). Experimentally administered alcohol may also be negatively associated with BI ( = 5, = -0.16, = .002), but this association was less robust and appeared specific to attitudes. Moderation analyses suggested that such patterns might shift as a function of college status but not gender. Samples with outlying effect sizes and the relatively low number of experimental studies identified indicate the need for more research in this area. These findings thus inform the next steps for research in this area and for refinement of bystander-based interventions to be optimally effective in reducing SA risk.
性侵犯（SA）仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题，人们对性侵犯预防方法的兴趣与日俱增。旨在提高个人在目睹问题情况时进行干预意愿的旁观者干预（BI）计划显示出了前景。然而，性侵犯高风险的社会环境往往涉及酒精，这可能会影响旁观者的干预能力。事实上，理论和实证研究表明，酒精可能会影响旁观者干预。然而，研究尚未对现有文献进行定量和系统的综述，以量化酒精是否以及在多大程度上可能损害旁观者干预。当前的荟萃分析估计了在实验性研究和相关性/自然主义研究中，旁观者饮酒与真实、想象或假设的性侵犯场景中的旁观者干预之间的关联，并将后者细分为旁观者干预行为、意图和态度。通过数据库搜索和作者请求，获得了27篇符合荟萃分析条件的文章（n = 11,139）。结果表明，自然主义饮酒（即日常生活中发生的饮酒行为）可能仅与旁观者意图呈负相关（n = 15，r = -.08，p <.001）。实验性给予酒精也可能与旁观者干预呈负相关（n = 5，r = -0.16，p =.002），但这种关联不太稳健，且似乎特定于态度。调节分析表明，这种模式可能会因大学身份而改变，但与性别无关。具有异常效应大小的样本以及确定的实验性研究数量相对较少，表明该领域需要更多研究。因此，这些发现为该领域的下一步研究以及完善基于旁观者的干预措施提供了信息，以便在降低性侵犯风险方面达到最佳效果。
