Harrington Charlene A, McLaughlin Robert A, Saliba Debra, Halifax Elizabeth, Mollot Richard J, Romano Patrick S, Tancredi Daniel J, Mukamel Dana B
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, California, California, USA.
Los Angeles Borun Center at David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2025 Jul;73(7):2137-2145. doi: 10.1111/jgs.19501. Epub 2025 May 2.
Nursing homes (NHs) are required to provide sufficient nursing staff to meet the needs of their residents. This study provides a guide for NHs to align nurse staffing levels with resident needs and calculates the gap between reported and expected NH staffing.
Using the best available research data and recent federal minimum staffing requirements, expected nurse staffing levels were estimated for the 25 resident case-mix index (CMI) groups established by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) using nonlinear least-squares regression analyses. We compared the reported to expected staffing for all US NHs (14,420) in 2024.
Expected registered RN hours per resident day (HRPD) ranged from 0.55 to 2.39 for the lowest and highest CMIs. Certified nursing assistants HPRD ranged from 2.45 to 3.6 HPRD, and total nursing ranged from 3.48 to 7.68 HPRD. In 2024, US NHs reported that the average facility CMI was 1.35. Reported RN HPRD was 32% below expected staffing, CNA HPRD was 30% below, and total nursing HPRD was 22% below expected staffing. NHs in the three highest CMI groups were more likely to meet expected RN or total HPRD than NHs in lower CMI groups.
Most NHs need to increase staffing to meet resident acuity needs.
