Tie Jinxin, Zhao Wei, Wang Rongwen, Mao Lihui, He Yibo, Li Jie, Zhang Han, Wang Shuaijun, Liu Yang, Wang Guannan, Tu Wenqiong
Ningbo Cigarette Factory, Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315000, China.
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 3;15(1):15538. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-99117-2.
Tobacco leaf consists of numerous cells with irregular size and wavy shapes, which determine the leaf's nonlinear macro behavior. In this paper, the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) has been utilized to characterize the cellular microstructures of tobacco leaf tissue, and uniaxial tensile tests have been performed to obtain the mechanical behaviors, characterized by two linear responses separated by a nonlinear transitional phase. Following the SEM characterization of cellular microstructure, a finite element based Representative Volume Element (RVE) was proposed for the first time, and the Young's moduli of cellular wall and protoplast have been identified in terms of the averaged test data and the RVE model. Further, in terms of the verified RVE model, the connection between the unique hardening response at macro level and the cellular-level deformations has been explored in detail. This study also illustrates the significance of loading direction effects due to the variation of the loading path formulation, which is determined by the intrinsic cellular arrangement.
烟叶由许多大小不规则、形状呈波浪状的细胞组成，这些细胞决定了叶片的非线性宏观行为。在本文中，利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对烟叶组织的细胞微观结构进行了表征，并进行了单轴拉伸试验以获得力学行为，其特征是由一个非线性过渡阶段分隔的两个线性响应。在对细胞微观结构进行SEM表征之后，首次提出了基于有限元的代表性体积单元（RVE），并根据平均试验数据和RVE模型确定了细胞壁和原生质体的杨氏模量。此外，根据经过验证的RVE模型，详细探讨了宏观层面独特的硬化响应与细胞层面变形之间的联系。本研究还说明了由于加载路径公式的变化而产生的加载方向效应的重要性，加载路径公式的变化由内在的细胞排列决定。
