Røsland Anders, Bertelsen Randi J, Heinrich Joachim, Lie Stein Atle, Malinovschi Andrei, Bunæs Dagmar F
Department of Clinical Dentistry, Section of Periodontics, University Of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Department of Clinical Dentistry, Centre for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Respir Res. 2025 May 3;26(1):172. doi: 10.1186/s12931-025-03246-1.
Evidence suggest an inflammatory link between respiratory health and periodontitis. This study aims to evaluate the impact of periodontal therapy on lung function.
Sixty-two never-smoking patients with mild periodontitis and without other medical conditions participated in this single-blind, prospective trial. Patients underwent periodontal therapy following an infection control approach. Lung function was measured using forced oscillation technique, assessing airway resistance and reactance, and spirometry evaluating FEV, FVC, and FEV/FVC. Lung function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide were assessed at baseline, three and six weeks, and every three months for a year. Periodontal parameters were recorded at baseline, six weeks, six and 12 months. Data were analysed using mixed-effects regression models.
Patients (mean age 36 years, 58% female) showed significant improvements in periodontal parameters (p < 0.001). Oscillometry revealed a significant decrease in airway resistance at 11 Hz and 19 Hz after six weeks, with further significant decreases throughout the study. Resistance at 5 Hz (R) consistently declined, reaching significance at three months (p = 0.001). By one year, R, R, R, and R showed significant reductions (all p < 0.05). Airway reactance at 5 Hz became less negative at three months (p = 0.002), while the reactance area (AX) decreased significantly at six months (p = 0.008). No significant changes were observed in spirometry or fractional exhaled nitric oxide.
A decrease in airway resistance was observed after periodontal therapy, underscoring its positive impact on small airway function. These findings suggest that oral infection control is valuable for respiratory health in young adults before chronic conditions establish.
The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04781153) on February 19, 2021, prior to participant enrolment.
有证据表明呼吸健康与牙周炎之间存在炎症联系。本研究旨在评估牙周治疗对肺功能的影响。
62名从不吸烟、患有轻度牙周炎且无其他疾病的患者参与了这项单盲前瞻性试验。患者按照感染控制方法接受牙周治疗。使用强迫振荡技术测量肺功能，评估气道阻力和电抗，并通过肺量计评估第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV）、用力肺活量（FVC）和FEV/FVC。在基线、3周和6周时以及之后一年每3个月评估一次肺功能和呼出一氧化氮分数。在基线、6周、6个月和12个月时记录牙周参数。使用混合效应回归模型分析数据。
患者（平均年龄36岁，58%为女性）的牙周参数有显著改善（p < 0.001）。振荡测量显示，6周后11Hz和19Hz时气道阻力显著降低，在整个研究过程中进一步显著降低。5Hz时的阻力（R）持续下降，在3个月时达到显著水平（p = 0.001）。到一年时，R、R、R和R均显著降低（均p < 0.05）。3个月时5Hz时的气道电抗变得不那么负（p = 0.002），而电抗面积（AX）在6个月时显著减小（p = 0.008）。肺量计或呼出一氧化氮分数未观察到显著变化。
牙周治疗后观察到气道阻力降低，强调了其对小气道功能的积极影响。这些发现表明，在慢性病形成之前，控制口腔感染对年轻人的呼吸健康有重要价值。
该试验于2021年2月19日在ClinicalTrials.gov（NCT04781153）注册，先于参与者入组。
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