全球人类肠道微生物多样性的海拔模式。

The altitudinal patterns of global human gut microbial diversity.

作者信息

Peng Lu-Lu, Qi Fu-Liang, Tan Kun, Xiao Wen

机构信息

Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, China.

School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China.

出版信息

BMC Microbiol. 2025 May 5;25(1):267. doi: 10.1186/s12866-025-03974-w.

DOI:10.1186/s12866-025-03974-w

PMID:40320537

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12051316/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The human gut microbiota is closely associated with human health, influencing not only overall well-being but also the incidence and treatment outcomes of diseases. Altitudinal gradients are considered to impact gut microbial community characteristics through factors such as environmental temperature, humidity, and lifestyle. While previous studies have reported altitudinal variations in human gut microbiota in specific regions, a comprehensive exploration of these patterns at a global scale is still lacking. In this study, we analyzed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data from healthy human gut microbiota, spanning altitudes from 3 m to 3850 m, obtained from multiple open-access databases. The analysis focused on elucidating the altitudinal patterns of microbial diversity, community composition, and functional profiles.

RESULTS

After screening, a total of 6702 sequences from 15 countries were obtained. The diversity of human gut microbiota decreased with increasing altitude (R = -0.047, P < 0.001), but no consistent results were acquired among continents. The relative abundances of the genera Faecalibacterium and Blautia decreased with rising altitude (R = -0.131 and R = -0.135, respectively, P < 0.001 for both), while the relative abundance of the genus Prevotella increased with altitude (R = 0.336, P < 0.001). However, taxa such as Bacilliota, Bacteroides, and Bifidobacterium exhibit no consistent trends across different continents. The abundance of genes associated with the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides, lipid metabolism, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging increased with altitude (R = 0.146, 0.037, 0.366, and 0.317, respectively; lipid metabolism P = 0.003, others P < 0.001). Conversely, the abundance of genes related to the immune system and carbohydrate metabolism decreased with increasing altitude (R = -0.166 and R = -0.219, respectively; P < 0.001 for both).

CONCLUSION

Altitude significantly influences diversity, composition, and functional attributes of the human gut microbiota.

摘要

背景

人类肠道微生物群与人类健康密切相关，不仅影响整体健康状况，还影响疾病的发病率和治疗结果。海拔梯度被认为会通过环境温度、湿度和生活方式等因素影响肠道微生物群落特征。虽然先前的研究报道了特定区域人类肠道微生物群的海拔差异，但在全球范围内对这些模式进行全面探索仍然缺乏。在本研究中，我们分析了来自多个开放获取数据库的健康人类肠道微生物群的16S rRNA扩增子测序数据，这些数据涵盖了从3米到3850米的海拔高度。分析重点在于阐明微生物多样性、群落组成和功能谱的海拔模式。

结果

经过筛选，共获得了来自15个国家的6702个序列。人类肠道微生物群的多样性随着海拔升高而降低（R = -0.047，P < 0.001），但各大洲之间未获得一致结果。粪杆菌属和布劳特氏菌属的相对丰度随着海拔升高而降低（分别为R = -0.131和R = -0.135，两者P < 0.001），而普雷沃氏菌属的相对丰度随着海拔升高而增加（R = 0.336，P < 0.001）。然而，芽孢杆菌纲、拟杆菌属和双歧杆菌属等分类群在不同大陆之间没有一致的趋势。与萜类和聚酮类代谢、脂质代谢、神经退行性疾病和衰老相关的基因丰度随着海拔升高而增加（分别为R = 0.146、0.037、0.366和0.317；脂质代谢P = 0.003，其他P < 0.001）。相反，与免疫系统和碳水化合物代谢相关的基因丰度随着海拔升高而降低（分别为R = -0.166和R = -0.219；两者P < 0.001）。