Yu Xue, Liu Yue, Luo Wei, Zeng Xiaodan, Cheng Leqin, Zhang Yuewei
School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, Jilin, China.
Analysis and Measurement Center, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, Jilin, China.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2025 May 14;17(19):28472-28483. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5c06091. Epub 2025 May 4.
In recent years, with the increasing demand for building energy efficiency and comfort in daily life, electrochromic smart windows have attracted widespread attention. Electrochromic smart windows utilize electrochromic material (ECM) technology to change the color or transparency of the window under the action of an electric field, thereby regulating the light and heat entering the room and achieving energy-saving effects. A bistable electrochromic material is a material that can switch between two color states and maintain one of these states without an external electric field. Although ECMs with bistable properties can significantly reduce energy consumption, current research on their application in smart windows is limited. Therefore, three conjugated extended viologen polymers with thiophene derivative bridges, , , and , were designed and synthesized, and electrochromic devices (ECDs) were prepared. The introduction of thiophene derivatives not only prolongs the effective conjugated chain length of viologen, but also extends the electrochromic (EC) response to the near-infrared (NIR) region. In addition, by inserting different thiophene derivatives to separate the two pyridinium moieties, viologen polymers emit strong fluorescence that can be quenched by applying a negative voltage. The electrochromic device based on material has fast response time (1.8 s), low turn-on voltage (-0.9 V), high color contrast (73.7%), high coloring efficiency (550 cm/C), and cycling stability (3300 cycles). In addition, ECD based on exhibits bistable characteristics, with only a 10% transmittance decay within 221 min, displaying clear patterns even after 20 h of power outage, and significantly reducing indoor temperature (7.0 °C) in simulated indoor environments. These characteristics make the application of electrochromic smart windows highly attractive in energy-efficient buildings. The study also demonstrated an intelligent window system driven by a solar cell (SC), further validating its feasibility in practical applications.
近年来，随着日常生活中对建筑能源效率和舒适度的需求不断增加，电致变色智能窗受到了广泛关注。电致变色智能窗利用电致变色材料（ECM）技术，在电场作用下改变窗户的颜色或透明度，从而调节进入房间的光和热，实现节能效果。双稳态电致变色材料是一种能够在两种颜色状态之间切换并在无外部电场的情况下保持其中一种状态的材料。尽管具有双稳态特性的ECM可以显著降低能耗，但目前关于其在智能窗中的应用研究有限。因此，设计并合成了三种带有噻吩衍生物桥连的共轭扩展紫精聚合物，即[聚合物名称1]、[聚合物名称2]和[聚合物名称3]，并制备了电致变色器件（ECD）。噻吩衍生物的引入不仅延长了紫精的有效共轭链长度，还将电致变色（EC）响应扩展到近红外（NIR）区域。此外，通过插入不同的噻吩衍生物来分隔两个吡啶鎓部分，紫精聚合物发出的强荧光可以通过施加负电压来猝灭。基于[材料名称1]的电致变色器件具有快速响应时间（1.8秒）、低开启电压（-0.9伏）、高颜色对比度（73.7%）、高着色效率（550平方厘米/库仑）和循环稳定性（3300次循环）。此外，基于[材料名称2]的ECD表现出双稳态特性，在221分钟内透过率仅衰减10%，即使在停电20小时后仍能显示清晰的图案，并且在模拟室内环境中显著降低室内温度（7.0摄氏度）。这些特性使得电致变色智能窗在节能建筑中的应用极具吸引力。该研究还展示了一种由太阳能电池（SC）驱动的智能窗系统，进一步验证了其在实际应用中的可行性。
