Wang Yi, Wang Ze, Feng Tong, Chen Jiandong, Lin Enkai, Xie An
Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications of Fujian Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China.
National Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, National Engineering Research, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Jul 31;17(15):2110. doi: 10.3390/polym17152110.
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) capable of modulating both visible color and infrared (IR) emissivity are promising for applications in smart thermal camouflage and multifunctional displays. However, conventional transmissive ECDs suffer from limited IR modulation due to the low IR transmittance of transparent electrodes. Here, we report a reflection-type electrochromic zinc-ion battery (HWEC-ZIB) using a self-doped polyaniline nanorod film (SP(ANI-MA)) as the active layer. By positioning the active material at the device surface, this structure avoids interference from transparent electrodes and enables broadband and efficient IR emissivity tuning. To prevent electrolyte-induced IR absorption, a thermal lamination encapsulation method is employed. The optimized device achieves emissivity modulation ranges of 0.28 (3-5 μm) and 0.19 (8-14 μm), delivering excellent thermal camouflage performance. It also exhibits a visible color change from earthy yellow to deep green, suitable for various natural environments. In addition, the HWEC-ZIB shows a high areal capacity of 72.15 mAh cm at 0.1 mA cm and maintains 80% capacity after 5000 cycles, demonstrating outstanding electrochemical stability. This work offers a versatile device platform integrating IR stealth, visual camouflage, and energy storage, providing a promising solution for next-generation adaptive camouflage and defense-oriented electronics.
能够同时调制可见光颜色和红外（IR）发射率的电致变色器件（ECD）在智能热伪装和多功能显示应用中具有广阔前景。然而，传统的透射式ECD由于透明电极的红外透射率低，红外调制受限。在此，我们报道一种反射型电致变色锌离子电池（HWEC-ZIB），它使用自掺杂聚苯胺纳米棒薄膜（SP(ANI-MA)）作为活性层。通过将活性材料置于器件表面，这种结构避免了透明电极的干扰，并实现了宽带高效的红外发射率调谐。为防止电解质引起的红外吸收，采用了热层压封装方法。优化后的器件在3 - 5μm波段的发射率调制范围为0.28，在8 - 14μm波段为0.19，展现出优异的热伪装性能。它还呈现出从土黄色到深绿色的可见光颜色变化，适用于各种自然环境。此外，HWEC-ZIB在0.1 mA cm时的面积容量高达72.15 mAh cm ，在5000次循环后仍保持80%的容量，显示出出色的电化学稳定性。这项工作提供了一个集成红外隐身、视觉伪装和能量存储的多功能器件平台，为下一代自适应伪装和面向国防的电子设备提供了一个有前景的解决方案。
