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心脏压塞揭示结核性心包炎:一例报告

Cardiac tamponade revealing tuberculous pericarditis: a case report.

作者信息

Skalante Oumaima, Hachimi Idrissi Mariam, Cherkaoui Soukaina, Benaissa Elmostafa, Ben Lahlou Yassine, Chadli Mariama

机构信息

Department of Bacteriology, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.

Department of Cardiology, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.

出版信息

Access Microbiol. 2025 May 2;7(5). doi: 10.1099/acmi.0.000983.v4. eCollection 2025.

Abstract

Tuberculosis remains a major public health issue in Morocco. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common form, but various extrapulmonary forms exist. Tuberculous pericarditis is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that can be complicated by cardiac tamponade, pericardial constriction or their combination, which can threaten the patient's life. Its clinical and radiological signs are nonspecific, and the clinical presentation can be misleading and incomplete, sometimes even with an initial tamponade. We report the case of a 68-year-old female patient admitted for intense retrosternal chest pain associated with acute dyspnoea, evolving in the context of unquantified weight loss and general deterioration. Additionally, she reported a history of fever and night sweats. Clinical examination revealed a conscious, febrile, hypotensive, tachycardic, polypneic patient with good oxygen saturation, signs of right heart failure and muffled heart sounds on auscultation. Chest X-ray revealed cardiomegaly, and the ECG showed diffuse low voltage. Given the presence of Beck's triad suggestive of cardiac tamponade, a transthoracic echocardiogram was performed, revealing a large pericardial effusion with a 'swinging heart'. A chest CT scan also confirmed the large pericardial effusion. The diagnosis of cardiac tamponade was made based on the clinical and radiological findings, and pericardial drainage was performed, after which the patient showed clinical improvement. PCR GenXpert MTB/RIF Ultra detected the presence of in the pericardial fluid, with no resistance to rifampicin. Culture was positive for . The diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis was, thus, confirmed, and the patient was started on quadruple antituberculosis therapy with good clinical progress.

摘要

结核病在摩洛哥仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。肺结核是最常见的形式,但也存在各种肺外结核形式。结核性心包炎是一种罕见的肺外结核形式,可并发心脏压塞、心包缩窄或两者兼而有之,这可能威胁患者生命。其临床和放射学征象不具有特异性,临床表现可能具有误导性且不完整,有时甚至一开始就出现心脏压塞。我们报告一例68岁女性患者,因剧烈胸骨后胸痛伴急性呼吸困难入院,同时伴有未明确的体重减轻和全身状况恶化。此外,她自述有发热和盗汗史。临床检查发现患者意识清醒、发热、低血压、心动过速、呼吸急促,血氧饱和度良好,有右心衰竭体征,听诊心音减弱。胸部X线显示心脏扩大,心电图显示弥漫性低电压。鉴于存在提示心脏压塞的贝克三联征,进行了经胸超声心动图检查,显示大量心包积液伴“心脏摆动”。胸部CT扫描也证实了大量心包积液。根据临床和放射学检查结果诊断为心脏压塞,并进行了心包引流,之后患者临床症状改善。PCR GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra检测发现心包积液中存在 ,对利福平无耐药性。培养结果显示 呈阳性。因此,确诊为结核性心包炎,患者开始接受四联抗结核治疗,临床进展良好。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7bb3/12048714/ca0c0d29a9ac/acmi-7-00983-g001.jpg

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