Hayashi Toshiyuki, Toda Tatsushi, Chiba Atsuro, Hattori Nobutaka, Sonoo Masahiro, Nakajima Hideto, Yokota Takanori, Iguchi Yasuyuki, Murakami Hidetomo, Kato Haruhisa, Kano Osamu, Kitagawa Kazuo, Kitagawa Satoshi, Nagayama Hiroshi, Kimura Kazumi
Department of Neurology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Muscle Nerve. 2025 Aug;72(2):224-229. doi: 10.1002/mus.28430. Epub 2025 May 5.
INTRODUCTION/AIMS: The incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) during the COVID-19 pandemic varies according to country. We investigated the changes in the number of patients with GBS and their characteristics who were reported in Tokyo in 2020 at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to those two years prior.
Patients with GBS who were admitted between January 2018 and December 2020 to hospitals in Tokyo were retrospectively included. We collected data on preceding infections, clinical symptoms, spinal fluid test results, nerve conduction study results, and anti-glycolipid antibody levels.
Thirty-four of 57 hospitals (59.6%) participated in this survey and reported 330 patients with GBS over three years. The number of patients in 2020 (n = 71) was significantly lower than in 2018 (n = 124) and 2019 (n = 135) (p = 0.0014). The number of patients with antecedent gastroenteritis (p = 0.03) or upper respiratory tract infections (p = 0.0003) in 2020 was significantly lower than the averages in 2018 and 2019. Analysis by subtype showed that the number of patients with Miller Fisher syndrome (p = 0.0009) and Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (p = 0.04) significantly decreased in 2020. The number of patients seropositive for anti-glycolipid antibodies, especially anti-GQ1b antibodies, decreased in 2020 (p = 0.0002).
Infection control strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in fewer patients with preceding infections in Tokyo, which contributed to a decrease in the overall number of reported patients with GBS. Precautions for infection may reduce the frequency of patients with GBS.
引言/目的：新冠疫情期间吉兰-巴雷综合征（GBS）的发病率因国家而异。我们调查了2020年新冠疫情初期东京报告的GBS患者数量及其特征的变化，并与前两年进行了比较。
回顾性纳入了2018年1月至2020年12月期间在东京医院住院的GBS患者。我们收集了前驱感染、临床症状、脑脊液检查结果、神经传导研究结果和抗糖脂抗体水平的数据。
57家医院中的34家（59.6%）参与了本次调查，并报告了三年间330例GBS患者。2020年的患者数量（n = 71）显著低于2018年（n = 124）和2019年（n = 135）（p = 0.0014）。2020年前驱肠胃炎（p = 0.03）或上呼吸道感染（p = 0.0003）的患者数量显著低于2018年和2019年的平均水平。按亚型分析显示，2020年米勒费雪综合征（p = 0.0009）和比克尔斯塔夫脑干脑炎（p = 0.04）的患者数量显著减少。2020年抗糖脂抗体，尤其是抗GQ1b抗体血清阳性的患者数量减少（p = 0.0002）。
新冠疫情期间的感染控制策略导致东京前驱感染的患者减少，这使得报告的GBS患者总数有所下降。感染预防措施可能会降低GBS患者的发病率。
