Braithwaite Johann P, Geffken Shawn J, Modica Anthony, Cohn Randy M, Bitterman Adam D
From the Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY (Dr. Braithwaite, Dr. Modica, Dr. Cohn, and Dr. Bitterman); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwell Health Huntington Hospital, Huntington, NY (Dr. Braithwaite, Dr. Modica, Dr. Cohn, and Dr. Bitterman); the Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY (Dr. Braithwaite, Dr. Modica, Dr. Cohn, and Dr. Bitterman); and the NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY (Mr. Geffken).
J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2025 Apr 29;9(5). doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00055. eCollection 2025 May 1.
To investigate the trends of injuries and mortalities throughout the 73-year history of Formula One (F1), and identify factors influencing driver injury and return to racing.
Public online archives were searched to compile injury and driver characteristics of all F1 drivers between 1950 and 2023. The F1 drivers' Wikipedia articles were reviewed for injuries or mortalities from F1 events. The sources for each injury or mortality were reviewed and cross-referenced with additional sources to ensure accuracy. The injuries were further subdivided by anatomical location to analyze overall trends in incidence. Injury incidence and significance trends were determined via the Pearson correlation coefficient, and binomial logistic regressions were used to determine the relationships between driver characteristics and injuries.
The analysis included 865 F1 drivers. Overall, 264 total injuries and 43 deaths were reported in F1-related events. Across the analysis period, notable decreases were observed in total injuries (R = -0.48, P < 0.001), deaths (R = -0.56, P < 0.001), fractures (R = -0.42, P < 0.001), upper extremity injuries (R = -0.28, P = 0.007), lower extremity injuries (R = -0.29, P = 0.006), head injuries (R = -0.301 P = 0.003), torso injuries (R = -0.36, P < 0.001), internal injuries (R = -0.27, P = 0.01), and burns (R = -0.25, P = 0.017). Injury was more likely with more race entries (odds ratio [OR] = 1.01, CI = 1.004 to 1.013, P < 0.001) and less likely with increasing career racing points (OR = 0.998, CI = 0.996 to 0.999, P = 0.009). Drivers with lower extremity injuries were more likely to return to sport (OR = 2.89, CI = 1.36 to 6.16, P = 0.006) and less likely after experiencing internal (OR = 0.267, CI = 0.09 to 0.75, P = 0.013), head (OR = 0.485, confidence interval [CI] = 0.27 to 0.88, P = 0.017), and neck injuries (OR = 0.388, CI = 0.15 to 0.98, P = 0.046).
The evolution of safety regulations in F1 appears to have successfully reduced total injuries, total deaths, and most injury classifications.
研究一级方程式赛车（F1）73年历史中的受伤和死亡趋势，并确定影响车手受伤和重返赛场的因素。
搜索公开的在线档案，以汇总1950年至2023年间所有F1车手的受伤情况和车手特征。查阅F1车手的维基百科文章，了解F1赛事中的受伤或死亡情况。对每起受伤或死亡事件的来源进行审查，并与其他来源进行交叉核对，以确保准确性。根据解剖位置对损伤进行进一步细分，以分析发病率的总体趋势。通过Pearson相关系数确定损伤发病率和显著性趋势，并使用二项逻辑回归分析来确定车手特征与损伤之间的关系。
分析纳入了865名F1车手。总体而言，F1相关赛事中共报告了264起受伤事件和43例死亡。在整个分析期间，总受伤数（R = -0.48，P < 0.001）、死亡数（R = -0.56，P < 0.001）、骨折（R = -0.42，P < 0.001）、上肢损伤（R = -0.28，P = 0.007）、下肢损伤（R = -0.29，P = 0.006）、头部损伤（R = -0.301，P = 0.003）、躯干损伤（R = -0.36，P < 0.001）、内伤（R = -0.27，P = 0.01）和烧伤（R = -0.25，P = 0.017）均显著下降。参赛次数越多，受伤的可能性越大（优势比[OR] = 1.01，CI = 1.004至1.013，P < 0.001）；而随着职业生涯赛车积分的增加，受伤的可能性越小（OR = 0.998，CI = 0.996至0.999，P = 0.009）。下肢受伤的车手更有可能重返赛场（OR = 2.89，CI = 1.36至6.16，P = 0.006），而在内伤（OR = 0.267，CI = 0.09至0.75，P = 0.013）、头部损伤（OR = 0.485，置信区间[CI] = 0.27至0.88，P = 0.017）和颈部损伤后重返赛场的可能性较小（OR = 0.388，CI = 0.15至0.98，P = 0.046）。
F1安全法规的演变似乎成功减少了总受伤数、总死亡数以及大多数损伤类别。
