Du Xueqing, Wang Yi, Wang Xuefeng, Tian Xin, Jing Wei
Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China.
Neural Regen Res. 2026 Feb 1;21(2):455-465. doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00537. Epub 2025 Jan 13.
Epilepsy, a common neurological disorder, is characterized by recurrent seizures that can lead to cognitive, psychological, and neurobiological consequences. The pathogenesis of epilepsy involves neuronal dysfunction at the molecular, cellular, and neural circuit levels. Abnormal molecular signaling pathways or dysfunction of specific cell types can lead to epilepsy by disrupting the normal functioning of neural circuits. The continuous emergence of new technologies and the rapid advancement of existing ones have facilitated the discovery and comprehensive understanding of the neural circuit mechanisms underlying epilepsy. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the current understanding of the neural circuit mechanisms in epilepsy based on various technologies, including electroencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging, optogenetics, chemogenetics, deep brain stimulation, and brain-computer interfaces. Additionally, this review discusses these mechanisms from three perspectives: structural, synaptic, and transmitter circuits. The findings reveal that the neural circuit mechanisms of epilepsy encompass information transmission among different structures, interactions within the same structure, and the maintenance of homeostasis at the cellular, synaptic, and neurotransmitter levels. These findings offer new insights for investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms of epilepsy and enhancing its clinical diagnosis and treatment.
癫痫是一种常见的神经系统疾病，其特征是反复发作的癫痫发作，可导致认知、心理和神经生物学后果。癫痫的发病机制涉及分子、细胞和神经回路水平的神经元功能障碍。异常的分子信号通路或特定细胞类型的功能障碍可通过破坏神经回路的正常功能导致癫痫。新技术的不断涌现和现有技术的快速发展促进了对癫痫潜在神经回路机制的发现和全面理解。因此，本综述旨在基于多种技术，包括脑电图、磁共振成像、光遗传学、化学遗传学、深部脑刺激和脑机接口，探讨目前对癫痫神经回路机制的认识。此外，本综述从三个角度讨论这些机制：结构、突触和递质回路。研究结果表明，癫痫的神经回路机制包括不同结构之间的信息传递、同一结构内的相互作用以及细胞、突触和神经递质水平的稳态维持。这些发现为研究癫痫的病理生理机制以及改善其临床诊断和治疗提供了新的见解。
