Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease.

There is a long history of surgical treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). Currently, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been performed as promising treatment option for medically refractory PD. DBS is an adjustable and reversible treatment using implanted medical devices to deliver electrical stimulation to precisely targeted areas of the brain. DBS modulates neurological function of the target region. The most common target for PD is the subthalamic nucleus (STN). DBS is particularly indicated for patients suffering from motor complications of dopaminergic medication such as fluctuations and dyskinesia. Although there is currently no curative treatment for PD, a combination of medical treatment and DBS provide long-term relief of motor symptoms. In this review, I introduce history, mechanism, indication, clinical outcome, complication, long term outcome, timing of surgery, surgical procedure, and current new technology concerning DBS for PD.