Johnson Karen A, Perkins Alexander J, Obuya Charity, Wilkes Sherron K
School of Social Work, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2025 May 6;22(1):33. doi: 10.1007/s11904-025-00737-0.
Despite encouraging declines in the overall rate of new transmission globally, HIV prevention efforts targeting individuals in the criminal legal system continue to significantly lag behind rates identified in the general population. Prevention efforts targeting this group worldwide remain geographically uneven and differ across the continuum of legal system involvement (diversion, arrests, community supervision, and post-release), which is attributed to social, structural, and systemic barriers. These gaps are noted to disproportionately impact minoritized and other transmission-burdened populations within the criminal legal system (e.g., men who have sex with men).
Given these challenges, this literature review examines HIV prevention efforts targeting individuals in the criminal legal system across the globe.
This review identifies current reach and gaps in prevention care and proposes strategies for improvement.
Recommendations include updating and utilizing long-term platforms for sustained HIV prevention interventions, developing a global compendium for regions outside the U.S., enhancing targeted interventions in high-risk areas, and integrating HIV prevention with other health services while addressing stigma.
These actions are critical for ensuring that interventions remain up-to-date, sustainable, and culturally responsive, effectively addressing the unique needs of diverse populations and criminal legal system contexts. These measures are also vital for meeting the U.N. 95-95-95 targets for HIV testing, treatment, and viral suppression, ultimately contributing to the goal of ending the HIV epidemic among this high-need population.
尽管全球新传播总体率出现了令人鼓舞的下降，但针对刑事法律系统中个人的艾滋病毒预防工作仍明显落后于普通人群的预防率。全球针对这一群体的预防工作在地理上仍然不均衡，并且在法律系统参与的连续过程（转介、逮捕、社区监管和释放后）中存在差异，这归因于社会、结构和系统障碍。据指出，这些差距对刑事法律系统中被边缘化和其他承担传播负担的人群（例如男男性行为者）产生了不成比例的影响。
鉴于这些挑战，本综述研究了全球针对刑事法律系统中个人的艾滋病毒预防工作。
本综述确定了预防护理的当前覆盖范围和差距，并提出了改进策略。
建议包括更新和利用长期平台进行持续的艾滋病毒预防干预，为美国以外地区编制全球简编，加强对高风险地区的针对性干预，以及在消除耻辱感的同时将艾滋病毒预防与其他卫生服务相结合。
这些行动对于确保干预措施与时俱进、可持续并具有文化适应性，有效满足不同人群和刑事法律系统背景的独特需求至关重要。这些措施对于实现联合国关于艾滋病毒检测、治疗和病毒抑制的95-95-95目标也至关重要，最终有助于在这一高需求人群中实现终结艾滋病毒流行的目标。
