Northeastern University School of Law, Boston, MA, USA.
Glob Public Health. 2011;6 Suppl 3:S357-69. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2011.623136.
This paper provides an overview of the use of the criminal law to regulate sexual behaviour in three areas of critical importance: (1) HIV exposure in otherwise consensual sex, (2) sex work and (3) sexual activity largely affecting sexual minorities. It analyses criminal law pertaining to these three distinct areas together, allowing for a more comprehensive and cohesive understanding of criminalisation and its effects. The paper highlights current evidence of how criminalisation undermines HIV prevention and treatment. It focuses on three specific negative effects of criminalisation: (1) enhancing stigma and discrimination, (2) undermining public health intervention through legal marginalisation and (3) placing people in state custody. The paper also highlights gaps in evidence and the need for strong institutional leadership from UN agencies in ending the criminalisation of consensual sexual activity. This paper serves two goals: (1) highlighting the current state of research and emphasising where key institutions have or have not provided appropriate leadership on these issues and (2) establishing a forward-looking agenda that includes a concerted response to the inappropriate use of the criminal law with respect to sexuality as part of the global response to HIV.
(1) 原本双方自愿的性行为中艾滋病毒的暴露；(2) 性工作；(3) 主要影响性少数群体的性活动。本文将与这三个不同领域相关的刑法一并进行分析，以便更全面、更连贯地理解刑事定罪及其影响。本文重点分析了当前证据表明刑事定罪如何破坏艾滋病毒的预防和治疗。本文重点关注刑事定罪的三个具体负面影响：(1) 加剧污名化和歧视；(2) 通过法律边缘化破坏公共卫生干预；(3) 将人置于国家监管之下。本文还强调了证据方面的差距，以及联合国机构需要发挥强有力的机构领导作用，结束对双方自愿的性行为进行刑事定罪的做法。本文旨在实现两个目标：(1) 突出当前研究状况，并强调在这些问题上哪些关键机构提供了或没有提供适当的领导；(2) 制定前瞻性议程，包括针对将刑法不适当地用于性行为的问题做出协调一致的反应，以此作为全球艾滋病毒应对工作的一部分。
