Xie Jingyi, Wang Bin
School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
PLoS One. 2025 May 6;20(5):e0322608. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0322608. eCollection 2025.
The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing, which is one of the major threats to human health. Whether joint leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and dietary quality (DQ) can reduce the risk of developing MetS and its components is worth exploring. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the individual and combined effects of LTPA and DQ on MetS and its components.
Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2018. LTPA was classified as inactive, insufficiently active (IA), weekend warrior (WW), and regular active (RA); DQ was categorized as high dietary quality (HDQ) and low dietary quality (LDQ). Afterwards, population characteristics of MetS were analyzed. Then, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze individual and combined effects of LTPA and DQ on MetS and its components. Subgroup analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to examine the robustness and non-linearity.
This study included 31,482 adults aged 20 or older. Results showed that RA, HDQ and RA&HDQ were significantly negatively correlated with MetS and its components. IA&HDQ was significantly and negatively correlated with MetS, waist circumference and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. WW&HDQ was not significantly associated with MetS, but was significantly negatively linked to fasting glucose and blood pressure. No significant interaction effect was observed in subgroup analysis. RCS analysis revealed a significant non-linear negative correlation between LTPA and MetS.
This research indicates that RA and HDQ alone or in combination are associated with a lower risk of developing MetS and its components and could serve as effective preventive and therapeutic strategies against MetS and its associated risk factors. The decline in MetS risk become even more significant after exercise for 500 min/week. Similar trends are observed among fasting glucose, blood pressure, and triglyceride levels.
代谢综合征（MetS）的发病率正在上升，这是对人类健康的主要威胁之一。联合休闲时间体力活动（LTPA）和饮食质量（DQ）是否能降低患MetS及其组分的风险值得探讨。因此，本研究旨在调查LTPA和DQ对MetS及其组分的个体和联合影响。
数据取自2007年至2018年的美国国家健康与营养检查调查。LTPA分为不活动、活动不足（IA）、周末战士（WW）和规律活动（RA）；DQ分为高饮食质量（HDQ）和低饮食质量（LDQ）。之后，分析了MetS的人群特征。然后，采用单因素和多因素逻辑回归分析LTPA和DQ对MetS及其组分的个体和联合影响。采用亚组分析和受限立方样条（RCS）检验稳健性和非线性。
本研究纳入了31482名20岁及以上的成年人。结果显示，RA、HDQ和RA&HDQ与MetS及其组分显著负相关。IA&HDQ与MetS、腰围和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著负相关。WW&HDQ与MetS无显著关联，但与空腹血糖和血压显著负相关。亚组分析未观察到显著的交互作用。RCS分析显示LTPA与MetS之间存在显著的非线性负相关。
本研究表明，单独或联合的RA和HDQ与较低的患MetS及其组分的风险相关，可作为针对MetS及其相关危险因素的有效预防和治疗策略。每周运动500分钟后，MetS风险的下降更为显著。空腹血糖、血压和甘油三酯水平也观察到类似趋势。
