Molina-Montes Esther, Rodríguez-Barranco Miguel, Alcalá-Santiago Ángela, Gálvez-Navas José María, Huerta José María, Amiano Pilar, Lasheras Cristina, Moreno-Iribas Conchi, Jimenez-Zabala Ana, Chirlaque María-Dolores, Gasque Alba, Luján-Barroso Leila, Agudo Antonio, Jakszyn Paula, Quirós José Ramón, Sánchez María José
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) 'José Mataix', Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain.
Clin Nutr. 2025 Jun;49:165-177. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.023. Epub 2025 Apr 24.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Circadian rhythms seem to impact both dietary intake and metabolism, depending on the individual's chronotype. We aimed to explore whether the nutritional composition of meals throughout the day is influenced by genetics linked to the circadian clock and chronotype within the "European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) chronodiet" study.
The study population comprised 3,183 subjects with information on diet and twelve genetic variants of six genes (PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1, NR1D1, CLOCK). The associations between the variants with chrononutrition variables (macronutrients and serving sizes of each meal) were evaluated using linear regression, considering an additive genetic model, and adjusting for sex, age and center, among others. The β coefficients, 95 % confidence intervals (CI), and p-values corrected for multiple comparisons were estimated. A genetic risk score (GRS) that was associated to the evening/late chronotype as well as overweight/obesity in a previous study, the chronotype-GRS, was tested for its association with chrononutrition variables.
The nutritional profile of the diet differed according to the individual's chronotype, with evening/late chronotypes exhibiting an unbalanced intake during breakfast and dinner compared to the intermediate and early chronotypes (e.g., percentage of fats consumed at breakfast relative to the total fat intake: 13 % and 9 %, respectively). However, significant differences were not encountered by the chronotype-GRS. In multivariate analyses, individual associations between the genetic variants and the nutrients revealed some nominal associations (e.g., rs1801260 and rs2070062 with carbohydrates at breakfast: β = -0.06 to 0.08). Higher scorings of the chronotype-GRS were inversely associated with the intake of proteins and carbohydrates (β = -0.46 and -0.41; nominal p-value<0.006; corrected = 0.25) during breakfast. Also, there was an inverse association between the chronotype-GRS and the breakfast's portion size (β = -0.3; nominal p-value = 0.03; corrected = 0.1).
Genetic susceptibility to an evening-like chronotype prone to overweight/obesity seems to be associated with a smaller serving size during breakfast, with lower protein and carbohydrate content.
昼夜节律似乎会影响饮食摄入和新陈代谢，这取决于个体的生物钟类型。在“欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查（EPIC）生物钟饮食”研究中，我们旨在探讨全天膳食的营养成分是否受与生物钟和生物钟类型相关的基因影响。
研究人群包括3183名有饮食信息以及六个基因（PER1、PER2、PER3、CRY1、NR1D1、CLOCK）的12个基因变异信息的受试者。采用线性回归评估基因变异与生物钟营养变量（宏量营养素和每餐的食用量）之间的关联，考虑加性遗传模型，并对性别、年龄和中心等因素进行调整。估计β系数、95%置信区间（CI）以及经多重比较校正的p值。在之前一项研究中与晚型生物钟以及超重/肥胖相关的遗传风险评分（GRS），即生物钟类型-GRS，被测试其与生物钟营养变量的关联。
饮食的营养特征因个体的生物钟类型而异，与中间型和早型生物钟相比，晚型生物钟在早餐和晚餐时的摄入量不均衡（例如，早餐时摄入的脂肪占总脂肪摄入量的百分比分别为13%和9%）。然而，生物钟类型-GRS未发现显著差异。在多变量分析中，基因变异与营养素之间的个体关联显示出一些名义上的关联（例如，rs1801260和rs2070062与早餐时的碳水化合物：β = -0.06至0.08）。生物钟类型-GRS得分较高与早餐时蛋白质和碳水化合物的摄入量呈负相关（β = -0.46和-0.41；名义p值<0.006；校正后 = 0.25）。此外，生物钟类型-GRS与早餐的份量之间存在负相关（β = -0.3；名义p值 = 0.03；校正后 = 0.1）。
对易患超重/肥胖的类似晚型生物钟的遗传易感性似乎与早餐份量较小、蛋白质和碳水化合物含量较低有关。
