Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 7;16(16):2598. doi: 10.3390/nu16162598.
: Previous studies have shown that meal timing, poor sleep quality, and chronotype may play a relevant role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, its relationship with macronutrients by eating occasions has not been explored deeply. : Our aim was to estimate the association between chrono-nutrition, sleep quality, chronotype, and the prevalence of T2DM. : This cross-sectional study included a subset of 3465 middle-aged Caucasian adults (2068 women) from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Spain cohort study. In the 2017-18 follow-up, we assessed chronotype, sleep quality, diet, and sociodemographic data using validated questionnaires. Further, we used blood samples to determine serum levels of glucose. We defined a case of T2DM when serum glucose concentration was ≥126 mg/dL or when participants self-reported diabetes. : A higher prevalence of T2DM was associated with poor sleep quality (OR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.30, 6.28). Carbohydrate intake at breakfast was inversely associated with the prevalence of T2DM (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.66, 0.85). Finally, lipid intake at breakfast was associated with a 13% higher prevalence of T2DM (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.26) for each 1 standard deviation (1-SD) increase. : This study concludes that a higher content of carbohydrates at breakfast is correlated with a reduced prevalence of T2DM, while higher lipids intake at breakfast is associated with a higher prevalence of T2DM. Furthermore, poor sleep quality is a potential factor associated with an elevated prevalence of T2DM. Our results emphasize the need for prospective studies to validate and strengthen these observed associations.
: 先前的研究表明，进餐时间、睡眠质量差和昼夜节律可能在 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的发展中起重要作用。然而，其与进餐时的宏量营养素的关系尚未深入探讨。
: 我们的目的是评估chrononutrition、睡眠质量、昼夜节律和 T2DM 患病率之间的关系。
: 这项横断面研究包括欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查（EPIC）西班牙队列研究的 3465 名中年白种人（2068 名女性）的一个亚组。在 2017-18 年的随访中，我们使用经过验证的问卷评估了昼夜节律、睡眠质量、饮食和社会人口统计学数据。此外，我们还使用血样来确定血清葡萄糖水平。当血清葡萄糖浓度≥126mg/dL 或参与者自我报告患有糖尿病时，我们将其定义为 T2DM 病例。
: 较差的睡眠质量与 T2DM 的高患病率相关（OR=2.90，95%CI=1.30，6.28）。早餐的碳水化合物摄入量与 T2DM 的患病率呈负相关（OR=0.75，95%CI=0.66，0.85）。最后，早餐的脂质摄入量与 T2DM 的患病率增加 13%相关（OR=1.13，95%CI=1.01，1.26），每增加一个标准差（1-SD）。
: 本研究得出结论，早餐时碳水化合物含量较高与 T2DM 患病率降低相关，而早餐时脂质摄入较高与 T2DM 患病率升高相关。此外，较差的睡眠质量是与 T2DM 患病率升高相关的潜在因素。我们的研究结果强调需要进行前瞻性研究来验证和加强这些观察到的关联。
