极度濒危的中南大羚的基因组受种群结构和清除作用影响。
Genomes of critically endangered saola are shaped by population structure and purging.
作者信息
Garcia-Erill Genís, Liu Shanlin, Le Minh Duc, Hurley Martha M, Nguyen Hung Dinh, Nguyen Dzung Quoc, Nguyen Dzung Huy, Santander Cindy G, Sánchez Barreiro Fátima, Gomes Martins Nuno Filipe, Hanghøj Kristian, Salleh Faezah Mohd, Ramos-Madrigal Jazmín, Wang Xi, Sinding Mikkel-Holger S, Morales Hernán E, Stæger Frederik Filip, Wilkinson Nicholas, Meng Guanliang, Pečnerová Patrícia, Yang Chentao, Rasmussen Malthe Sebro, Schubert Mikkel, Dunn Robert R, Moltke Ida, Zhang Guojie, Chen Lei, Wang Wen, Cao Trung Tien, Nguyen Ha Manh, Siegismund Hans R, Albrechtsen Anders, Gilbert M Thomas P, Heller Rasmus
机构信息
Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Bioinformatics Research Centre, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
出版信息
Cell. 2025 Jun 12;188(12):3102-3116.e22. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.03.040. Epub 2025 May 5.
The saola is one of the most elusive large mammals, standing at the brink of extinction. We constructed a reference genome and resequenced 26 saola individuals, confirming the saola as a basal member of the Bovini. Despite its small geographic range, we found that the saola is partitioned into two populations with high genetic differentiation (F = 0.49). We estimate that these populations diverged and started declining 5,000-20,000 years ago, possibly due to climate changes and exacerbated by increasing human activities. The saola has long tracts without genomic diversity; however, most of these tracts are not shared by the two populations. Saolas carry a high genetic load, yet their gradual decline resulted in the purging of the most deleterious genetic variation. Finally, we find that combining the two populations, e.g., in an eventual captive breeding program, would mitigate the genetic load and increase the odds of species survival.
中南大羚是最难以捉摸的大型哺乳动物之一，正处于灭绝边缘。我们构建了一个参考基因组，并对26只中南大羚个体进行了重测序，确认中南大羚是牛族的一个基部成员。尽管其地理分布范围较小，但我们发现中南大羚被分为两个具有高度遗传分化的种群（F = 0.49）。我们估计这些种群在5000 - 20000年前分化并开始减少，可能是由于气候变化，并因人类活动增加而加剧。中南大羚有很长的基因组无多样性区域；然而，这些区域大多不为两个种群所共有。中南大羚携带高遗传负荷，但其逐渐减少导致了最有害遗传变异的清除。最后，我们发现将两个种群合并，例如在最终的圈养繁殖计划中，将减轻遗传负荷并增加物种生存的几率。
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