Bouchareb Siham, Harms Peter P, Hassanein Mohamed, Nijpels Giel, Elders Petra J M
Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of General Practice, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Personalised Medicine, and Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of General Practice, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Personalised Medicine, and Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, and Diabetes & Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Prim Care Diabetes. 2025 Aug;19(4):390-399. doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2025.04.002. Epub 2025 May 5.
To assess the impact of Ramadan and pre-Ramadan diabetes education (PRE) on metabolic parameters in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Additionally, we described the proportion of Ramadan-related adverse events.
A retrospective longitudinal study utilising Dutch routine primary care data from 133 people with T2D who participated in a PRE session. Linear Generalized Estimating Equations models were used to assess the association of metabolic parameters with Ramadan and PRE. We analysed free-text notes and a questionnaire to identify Ramadan-related adverse events.
Ramadan was associated with modest reductions in HbA1c (β -1.07 mmol/mol; p = 0.07), systolic blood pressure (β -1.89 mmHg; p = 0.04), weight (β -0.81 kg; p < 0.01), BMI (β -0.29 kg/m; p < 0.01), and a slight increase in triglycerides (β 0.27 mmol/l; p = 0.04) compared to non-Ramadan periods. PRE demonstrated no significant impact on metabolic parameters. The number of medical notes regarding Ramadan was small, with the mentioning of some physical complaints and medication errors.
In our study, Ramadan is associated with temporary and marginal metabolic improvements in people with T2D. A single PRE session had no substantial impact on metabolic control. Healthcare professionals should more often discuss Ramadan and medication adjustments with their patients.
评估斋月及斋月前糖尿病教育（PRE）对2型糖尿病（T2D）患者代谢参数的影响。此外，我们描述了与斋月相关不良事件的比例。
一项回顾性纵向研究，利用来自133名参加PRE课程的T2D患者的荷兰常规初级保健数据。采用线性广义估计方程模型评估代谢参数与斋月及PRE之间的关联。我们分析了自由文本注释和一份问卷，以确定与斋月相关的不良事件。
与非斋月期间相比，斋月期间糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）适度降低（β -1.07 mmol/mol；p = 0.07）、收缩压降低（β -1.89 mmHg；p = 0.04）、体重降低（β -0.81 kg；p < 0.01）、体重指数（BMI）降低（β -0.29 kg/m²；p < 0.01），甘油三酯略有升高（β 0.27 mmol/l；p = 0.04）。PRE对代谢参数无显著影响。关于斋月的医疗记录数量较少，提及了一些身体不适和用药错误。
在我们的研究中，斋月与T2D患者的代谢有暂时且轻微的改善相关。单次PRE课程对代谢控制无实质性影响。医疗保健专业人员应更频繁地与患者讨论斋月及药物调整问题。
