Sun Minhan, Fan Shuanxi, Zhang Nan
School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, Shaanxi, China.
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disasters Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, Baoji, 721013, Shaanxi, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 6;15(1):15824. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-98684-8.
In facility agriculture, soil barriers have led to severe soil quality degradation, making it crucial to take effective measures for soil improvement. This research focuses on exploring the impacts of biochar, plant ash, and Effective Microorganisms (EM) on the physical, chemical properties, and nutrient levels of facility-agriculture soil, aiming to find a novel and efficient solution to address the soil-related issues. A field trial was carried out to assess the combined application of biochar, EM bacteria, and plant ash on soil properties. The experiment setup consisted of a blank control (CK) and six treatment groups (T-T) with different dosage gradients. The combined application of biochar, plant ash and EM bacteria significantly enhanced various soil properties. Specifically, the pH, soil bulk density, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, organic matter, alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium levels in facility-agriculture soil increased by 1.1-24.0%, 6.09-9.83%, 32.22-61.26%, 11.82-47.82%, 1.44-6.99%, 19.42-77.23%, 10.64-44.09%, 22.01-49.71%, and 14.11-93.64% respectively. The soil comprehensive fertility index (IFI) showed that this combined application could effectively improve the comprehensive soil fertility, with the T treatment (plant ash 3030 kg/hm + biochar 6060 kg/hm + EM bacteria 37.5:1) demonstrating the best improvement effect. The combined application of biochar, EM bacteria and plant ash can overcome the soil barriers in facility agriculture, mitigate soil acidification and nutrient disorders, promote nutrient supply, and enhance soil fertility. The study provides a practical and innovative approach to relieve the difficulties in facility vegetable cultivation, offering valuable insights for sustainable development in facility agriculture.
在设施农业中，土壤障碍导致土壤质量严重退化，因此采取有效措施改良土壤至关重要。本研究着重探讨生物炭、植物灰和有效微生物（EM）对设施农业土壤物理、化学性质及养分水平的影响，旨在找到一种新颖且高效的解决方案来解决与土壤相关的问题。开展了一项田间试验，以评估生物炭、EM菌和植物灰联合施用对土壤性质的影响。试验设置包括一个空白对照（CK）和六个不同剂量梯度的处理组（T-T）。生物炭、植物灰和EM菌的联合施用显著改善了土壤的各项性质。具体而言，设施农业土壤的pH值、土壤容重、全氮、全磷、全钾、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾水平分别提高了1.1-24.0%、6.09-9.83%、32.22-61.26%、11.82-47.82%、1.44-6.99%、19.42-77.23%、10.64-44.09%、22.01-49.71%和14.11-93.64%。土壤综合肥力指数（IFI）表明，这种联合施用能够有效提高土壤综合肥力，其中T处理（植物灰3030 kg/hm + 生物炭6060 kg/hm + EM菌37.5:1）的改良效果最佳。生物炭、EM菌和植物灰的联合施用可以克服设施农业中的土壤障碍，减轻土壤酸化和养分失调，促进养分供应，提高土壤肥力。该研究为缓解设施蔬菜种植难题提供了一种切实可行的创新方法，为设施农业的可持续发展提供了有价值的见解。
