Yin Hao-Kai, Zhao Yu-Hang, Xie Wen-Yan, Liu Zhi-Ping, Zhou Huai-Ping, Yang Zhen-Xing
College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2025 Jul 8;46(7):4699-4709. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202406205.
Based on a 31-year consecutive long-term positioning trial of stover return to field， including four different corn stover return methods： stover not returned to field （CK）， stover overgrown （CM）， stover crushed and directly returned to field （SC）， and stover mulched （SM）； the soil nutrient content， extracellular enzyme activity， fungal community structure， and mycorrhizal functional activity were comprehensively analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology， FUNGuild functional prediction， and ecological network approach. We investigated the effects of different straw return modes on the nutrient content of brown soil farmland， analyzed the characteristics of soil extracellular enzymes and functional activities of fungal communities， and provided a theoretical basis for efficiently improving the soil fertility of brown soil farmland. The results showed that： ① Long-term different straw return treatments （SM， SC， and CM） significantly increased soil fertility， maize yield， and extracellular enzyme activities， and soil organic carbon （SOC）； total nitrogen （TN）； total phosphorus （TP）； total potassium （TK）； alkaline dissolved nitrogen （AN）； effective phosphorus （AP）； quick-acting potassium （AK）； cumulative yield of maize； and the contents of soil glucosidase （-GC）， cellobiose hydrolase （CBH）， and dehydrogenase （DHA） contents were elevated from 17.0%-42.9%， 3.0%-50.0%， 2.3%-27.9%， 4.4%-11.5%， 11.2%-71.0%， 14.1%-320.8%， 17.1%-153.6%， 6.4%-23.0%， 35.6%-190.7%， 41.9%-58.6%， and 28.8%-773.8%； among them， the CM treatment had the most significant enhancement effect. ② Long-term different straw return treatments changed the structural composition of the soil fungal community， and the relative abundance of fungi in the phylum Periphyton decreased by 29.05%-31.12%， and the phylum Stachybotrys was enhanced by 24.76%-481.10%. The soil pH was an important influencing factor affecting the composition of the fungal community. ③ The results of network analysis showed that the indicator species of different straw return treatments in the long term belonged to different modules， which were significantly correlated with soil nutrient content and enzyme activity， among which and enriched in the CM treatment formed specific functional microbial clusters through a strong symbiotic relationship. ④ Functional prediction based on FUNGuild found that long-term different straw return treatments both increased the relative abundance of pathogenic and saprophytic trophic fungi and decreased the relative abundance of saprophytic-symbiotic trophic fungi. Long-term straw return can improve soil fertility and extracellular enzyme activity， increase the abundance of beneficial flora， significantly change the structure and composition of fungal communities， and favor carbon and nitrogen cycling， thus promoting the formation of a suitable environment for crop and fungal growth in brown soils.
基于一项为期31年的玉米秸秆还田长期定位试验，该试验包括四种不同的玉米秸秆还田方式：秸秆不还田（CK）、秸秆覆盖（CM）、秸秆粉碎直接还田（SC）和秸秆覆盖还田（SM）；采用高通量测序技术、FUNGuild功能预测和生态网络方法，对土壤养分含量、胞外酶活性、真菌群落结构和菌根功能活性进行了综合分析。我们研究了不同秸秆还田模式对棕壤农田养分含量的影响，分析了土壤胞外酶特征和真菌群落功能活性，为有效提高棕壤农田土壤肥力提供理论依据。结果表明：①长期不同秸秆还田处理（SM、SC和CM）显著提高了土壤肥力、玉米产量和胞外酶活性，以及土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）、全钾（TK）、碱解氮（AN）、有效磷（AP）、速效钾（AK）、玉米累计产量，以及土壤葡糖苷酶（-GC）、纤维二糖水解酶（CBH）和脱氢酶（DHA）含量分别提高了17.0%-42.9%、3.0%-50.0%、2.3%-27.9%、4.4%-11.5%、11.2%-71.0%、14.1%-320.8%、17.1%-153.6%、6.4%-23.0%、35.6%-190.7%、41.9%-58.6%和28.8%-773.8%；其中，CM处理的增强效果最显著。②长期不同秸秆还田处理改变了土壤真菌群落的结构组成，附生菌门真菌的相对丰度下降了29.05%-31.12%，葡萄穗霉门真菌的相对丰度提高了24.76%-481.10%。土壤pH是影响真菌群落组成的重要因素。③网络分析结果表明，长期不同秸秆还田处理的指示物种属于不同模块，与土壤养分含量和酶活性显著相关，其中CM处理中富集的 和 通过强烈的共生关系形成了特定的功能微生物簇。④基于FUNGuild的功能预测发现，长期不同秸秆还田处理均增加了致病和腐生营养型真菌的相对丰度，降低了腐生-共生营养型真菌的相对丰度。长期秸秆还田可提高土壤肥力和胞外酶活性，增加有益菌群数量，显著改变真菌群落结构和组成，有利于碳氮循环，从而促进棕壤中作物和真菌生长适宜环境的形成。
