Liaqat Rabia, Rasool Fatima, Noreen Sobia, Rai Nadia, Naseem Ayesha, Shoaib Muhammad Hamza, Mahmood Hassan, Ashraf Muhammad Azeem
Department of Pharmaceutics, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2025 Jun;20(11):1235-1247. doi: 10.1080/17435889.2025.2501518. Epub 2025 May 7.
This study aimed to fabricate, characterize, and perform molecular docking of furosemide-loaded nanosponges (NSs) using the emulsion solvent diffusion method.
Sustained-release NS formulations of furosemide were developed using ethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and dichloromethane (DCM) via the emulsion solvent diffusion technique. The formulations were evaluated for production yield, actual drug content, entrapment efficiency, drug-polymer compatibility, surface morphology, docking study, and in vitro drug release.
SEM images displayed the nanosized, spherical, porous, and spongy texture of furosemide NS. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed no drug-polymer incompatibility. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis indicated an amorphous state of furosemide, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) suggested drug-polymer complexation. In vitro studies demonstrated sustained drug release for up to 10 h. Molecular docking supported stable interactions between furosemide and polymers. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further revealed adequate hydrogen bonding and diffusion behavior, confirming polymer composition-dependent release and structural stability.
These findings indicate that furosemide-loaded NSs are a promising sustained-release delivery system capable of reducing dosing frequency and enhancing patient compliance.
本研究旨在采用乳液溶剂扩散法制备、表征速尿纳米海绵（NSs）并进行分子对接。
通过乳液溶剂扩散技术，使用乙基纤维素、聚乙烯醇（PVA）和二氯甲烷（DCM）开发速尿的缓释NS制剂。对制剂的产率、实际药物含量、包封率、药物 - 聚合物相容性、表面形态、对接研究和体外药物释放进行评估。
扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像显示速尿NS呈纳米级、球形、多孔且具海绵状质地。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）谱表明药物与聚合物无不相容性。粉末X射线衍射（PXRD）分析表明速尿呈无定形状态，而差示扫描量热法（DSC）表明药物与聚合物形成络合物。体外研究表明药物可持续释放长达10小时。分子对接支持速尿与聚合物之间的稳定相互作用。分子动力学（MD）模拟进一步揭示了充分的氢键作用和扩散行为，证实了聚合物组成依赖性释放和结构稳定性。
这些发现表明，载速尿NS是一种有前景的缓释给药系统，能够减少给药频率并提高患者依从性。
