Vedor Sofia, Pedro Tiago, Peliteiro Miguel, Alves Gonçalo, Vieira Duarte
Neuroradiology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde de São João, Porto, PRT.
Cureus. 2025 Apr 5;17(4):e81738. doi: 10.7759/cureus.81738. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Spontaneous spinal intradural hematomas (SSIH) are exceptionally rare and typically associated with trauma, coagulopathy, or vascular malformations. Even rarer are cases triggered by seemingly benign events such as sneezing. We report the case of a 72-year-old male who developed acute neurological symptoms following a sneezing episode despite having no prior history of trauma or coagulopathy. The patient presented with a band-like pain localized to the periumbilical region and caudal hypesthesia, persisting for one week. Spinal MRI revealed an extensive intradural hematoma extending from the pre-pontine cistern to T12, predominantly along the ventral and dorsal aspects of the spinal cord. This hematoma caused significant cord compression and signs of myelopathy on the dorsal segment. Remarkably, the patient recovered full lower limb motor function through conservative management without requiring surgical intervention. However, intermittent self-catheterization remained necessary due to persistent urinary retention, likely multifactorial in origin. This case highlights the importance of considering non-traumatic events such as sneezing as potential triggers for SSIH, even in the absence of classical risk factors, and underlines the value of individualized, imaging-guided management approaches. A literature review further highlights the rarity of such presentations and underscores the need for continued investigation into their underlying pathophysiology.
自发性脊髓硬膜内血肿(SSIH)极为罕见,通常与创伤、凝血功能障碍或血管畸形有关。由打喷嚏等看似良性的事件引发的病例更为罕见。我们报告一例72岁男性病例,该患者在打喷嚏后出现急性神经症状,尽管既往无创伤或凝血功能障碍病史。患者表现为脐周区域局限性带状疼痛和尾部感觉减退,持续一周。脊髓磁共振成像(MRI)显示广泛的硬膜内血肿,从脑桥前池延伸至T12,主要沿脊髓腹侧和背侧。该血肿导致明显的脊髓压迫和背段脊髓病体征。值得注意的是,患者通过保守治疗恢复了完全的下肢运动功能,无需手术干预。然而,由于持续性尿潴留,可能是多因素引起的,间歇性自我导尿仍然必要。该病例强调了即使在没有经典危险因素的情况下,也应考虑打喷嚏等非创伤性事件作为SSIH潜在触发因素的重要性,并强调了个体化、影像引导管理方法的价值。文献综述进一步强调了此类表现的罕见性,并强调需要继续研究其潜在的病理生理学。