Smith Chase K, Fay Emily E, Moreni Sue L, Mao Jennie, Hebert Mary F
Departments of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Reprod Female Child Health. 2025 Mar;4(1). doi: 10.1002/rfc2.70012. Epub 2025 Jan 2.
The objectives of this pilot survey were (1) to compare dietary intakes during three survey windows (25-28 weeks gestation, 28-32 weeks gestation and ≥ 3 months postpartum) with the National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements' (NIH:ODS) established recommendations for pregnant and lactating women, and (2) to evaluate the general adequacy of commonly used prenatal vitamins (PVs) to cover the identified deficits in dietary intake.
In this longitudinal pilot survey, 39 healthy consented women, aged 18-50 years with singleton pregnancies and pre-pregnancy BMI < 30.0 kg/m were included. Items from self-reported dietary intakes during three survey windows were converted to nutritional content using Fooducate (LLC), a public database. Three-day mean intakes per survey window per subject were compared with NIH:ODS recommendations to determine dietary deficits. Eight commonly utilised PVs (identified via web searches of common prenatal vitamins and their availability in local stores) were evaluated for adequacy in correcting each dietary deficit.
Nutrients that were ≥ 30% higher than the recommended RDA/AI were carbohydrates, sodium, vitamin A, and vitamin C in the first survey window; carbohydrates, sodium, and vitamin A in the second survey window; and sodium and iron in the third survey window. Nutrients that were ≥ 30% than the RDA/AI were potassium, vitamin D, and iron in the first survey window; potassium, vitamin D, and iron during the second survey window; and dietary fibre, potassium, vitamin C, and vitamin D in the third survey window. None of the evaluated PVs corrected all deficits, but two were close to the goal and only one corrected all vitamin D deficits.
Women who are or are planning to become pregnant should be educated on dietary recommendations during pregnancy and lactation, ideally such that supplements become unnecessary. However, it remains good practice to carefully consider prenatal vitamin content before selection.
本试点调查的目的是：（1）将三个调查窗口（妊娠25 - 28周、妊娠28 - 32周和产后≥3个月）期间的饮食摄入量与美国国立卫生研究院膳食补充剂办公室（NIH:ODS）为孕妇和哺乳期妇女制定的建议进行比较；（2）评估常用产前维生素（PVs）弥补饮食摄入中已确定不足的总体充足性。
在这项纵向试点调查中，纳入了39名年龄在18 - 50岁、单胎妊娠且孕前BMI < 30.0 kg/m²的健康自愿女性。使用公共数据库Fooducate（LLC）将三个调查窗口期间自我报告的饮食摄入项目转换为营养成分。将每个受试者每个调查窗口的三日平均摄入量与NIH:ODS建议进行比较，以确定饮食不足情况。评估了八种常用的产前维生素（通过对常见产前维生素及其在当地商店的可得性进行网络搜索确定）纠正每种饮食不足的充足性。
高于推荐的RDA/AI≥30%的营养素在第一个调查窗口为碳水化合物、钠、维生素A和维生素C；在第二个调查窗口为碳水化合物、钠和维生素A；在第三个调查窗口为钠和铁。低于RDA/AI≥30%的营养素在第一个调查窗口为钾、维生素D和铁；在第二个调查窗口为钾、维生素D和铁；在第三个调查窗口为膳食纤维、钾、维生素C和维生素D。评估的产前维生素中没有一种能纠正所有不足，但有两种接近目标，只有一种纠正了所有维生素D不足。
对于已怀孕或计划怀孕的女性应进行孕期和哺乳期饮食建议方面的教育，理想情况下使其无需补充剂。然而，在选择产前维生素时仔细考虑其成分仍然是良好的做法。
