Yang Xiao, Jiang Zeyu, Dai Jiayong, Fu Qinrui, Pan Shuhan
Institute of Chronic Disease, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
Nanoscale Horiz. 2025 Jun 23;10(7):1285-1306. doi: 10.1039/d4nh00395k.
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a burgeoning imaging modality that has a broad range of applications in the early diagnosis of cancer, detection of various diseases, and relevant scientific research. It is a non-invasive imaging modality that relies on the absorption coefficient of the imaging tissue and the injected PA-imaging contrast agent. Nevertheless, PA imaging exhibits weak imaging depth due to its exponentially decaying signal intensity with increasing tissue depth. To improve the depth and heighten the contrast of imaging, a series of PA contrast agents has been developed based on nanomaterials. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in contrast agents for photoacoustic (PA) imaging, encompassing the emergence of first near-infrared region (NIR-I, 700-950 nm) PA contrast agents, second near-infrared region (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) PA contrast agents, and ratiometric PA contrast agents. Subsequently, the latest advances in PA image-guided cancer therapy were introduced, such as photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and PTT-based synergistic therapy. Finally, the prospects of PA contrast agents and their biomedical applications were also discussed. This review provides a systematic summary of the development and utilization of the cutting-edge photoacoustic agents, which may inspire fresh thinking in the fabrication and application aspects of imaging agents.
光声（PA）成像是一种新兴的成像方式，在癌症早期诊断、各种疾病检测及相关科研领域有着广泛应用。它是一种非侵入性成像方式，依赖于成像组织的吸收系数和注入的光声成像造影剂。然而，由于其信号强度随组织深度呈指数衰减，光声成像的成像深度较浅。为了提高成像深度并增强对比度，基于纳米材料开发了一系列光声造影剂。在本综述中，我们全面概述了光声（PA）成像造影剂的最新进展，包括第一代近红外区域（NIR-I，700 - 950 nm）光声造影剂、第二代近红外区域（NIR-II，1000 - 1700 nm）光声造影剂以及比率型光声造影剂的出现。随后，介绍了光声图像引导癌症治疗的最新进展，如光热疗法（PTT）、光动力疗法（PDT）、声动力疗法（SDT）以及基于光热疗法的协同治疗。最后，还讨论了光声造影剂及其生物医学应用的前景。本综述对前沿光声剂的开发和应用进行了系统总结，可能会激发成像剂制造和应用方面的新思路。
