Petkova-Parlapanska Kamelia, Kostadinova-Slavova Denitsa, Angelova Mariya, Sadi J Al-Dahwi Rafaah, Georgieva Ekaterina, Goycheva Petya, Karamalakova Yanka, Nikolova Galina
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic, UMHAT "Prof. St. Kirkovich", 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Apr 11;26(8):3605. doi: 10.3390/ijms26083605.
Oxidative stress is a critical factor in the onset of gestational diabetes and its associated complication, pre-eclampsia. This study aimed to evaluate (1) reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and superoxide radical levels as indicators of oxidative stress, (2) lipid and protein oxidation, (3) antioxidant enzyme activity, and (4) cytokine production in pregnant women with gestational diabetes, as well as those with both gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia, comparing these with biomarkers of gestational diabetes mellitus. The study categorized pregnant patients with gestational diabetes mellitus into two groups based on the presence of new-onset hypertension, measured twice every four hours, and a 24 h urine protein test showing 300 mg/day or ≥1+ proteinuria detected via a visual dipstick at ≥20 weeks of gestation. These groups were compared with normotensive pregnant patients. The findings revealed that patients with both gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia exhibited significantly elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, cytokine production, and lipid and protein oxidation end products compared to normotensive pregnant women. Additionally, these patients showed reduced nitric oxide (•NO) levels, impaired NO synthase systems (eNOS and iNOS), and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities ( < 0.05). These results indicate that patients with gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia are unable to counteract oxidative stress effectively. The study underscores the compromised oxidative status as a contributing factor to these complications. The findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes and the subsequent pre-eclampsia, the role of oxidative stress, and the resulting complications. Measuring oxidative stress levels and inflammatory biomarkers could help in the early detection and prediction of gestational-diabetes-related complications in pregnant women.
氧化应激是妊娠期糖尿病及其相关并发症子痫前期发病的关键因素。本研究旨在评估：（1）作为氧化应激指标的活性氧、活性氮和超氧阴离子自由基水平；（2）脂质和蛋白质氧化；（3）抗氧化酶活性；（4）妊娠期糖尿病孕妇以及同时患有妊娠期糖尿病和子痫前期的孕妇体内细胞因子的产生情况，并将这些指标与妊娠糖尿病的生物标志物进行比较。该研究根据新发高血压的情况，将妊娠糖尿病孕妇分为两组，每四小时测量两次，在妊娠≥20周时通过目视试纸条检测24小时尿蛋白试验显示为300mg/天或≥1+蛋白尿。将这些组与血压正常的孕妇进行比较。研究结果显示，与血压正常的孕妇相比，患有妊娠期糖尿病和子痫前期的患者体内活性氧水平、细胞因子产生以及脂质和蛋白质氧化终产物水平显著升高。此外，这些患者的一氧化氮（•NO）水平降低，一氧化氮合酶系统（内皮型一氧化氮合酶和诱导型一氧化氮合酶）受损，抗氧化酶活性下降（<0.05）。这些结果表明，患有妊娠期糖尿病和子痫前期的患者无法有效抵抗氧化应激。该研究强调氧化状态受损是这些并发症的一个促成因素。这些发现为妊娠期糖尿病及随后的子痫前期的发病机制、氧化应激的作用以及由此产生的并发症提供了见解。测量氧化应激水平和炎症生物标志物有助于早期检测和预测孕妇与妊娠糖尿病相关的并发症。
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