Ferrari Carolina Ruis, Hannig Matthias, Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo
Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, Brasil.
Saarland University, Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Homburg, Germany.
J Appl Oral Sci. 2025 May 2;33:e20240359. doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0359. eCollection 2025.
The acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) consists of an organic, acellular, and bacteria-free film, formed in vivo as a result of biomolecules adsorption onto the tooth surface. It is composed of proteins, glycoproteins, lipids, phospholipids, and other macromolecules, such as carbohydrates. The AEP formation process is complex and can be divided into three stages: initiation, development, and maturation. The pellicle has two main layers: the globular and basal layers. The basal layer offers the most protection against demineralization, as the subsequent globular layer is weaker and less tenacious. The formation of the AEP can be influenced by various factors, such as the physicochemical properties of the teeth, location in the oral cavity, pathologies, and even the oral microbiota. With the advancement of "omics" techniques, it has been possible to observe the presence of acid-resistant proteins in the AEP, which allowed the development of the "acquired pellicle engineering" strategy. This strategy involves enriching and modifying the basal layer with acid-resistant proteins. Among these proteins, hemoglobin, statherin-derived peptide, and a protein derived from sugarcane stand out. The objective of this literature review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the AEP, detailing its composition, formation process, and protective functions. Additionally, the review aims to explore recent advances in the field of "acquired pellicle engineering," highlighting the acid-resistant proteins of the AEP and their potential applications in dentistry. Finally, the review intends to highlight the clinical implications of these findings and how they may contribute to the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of dental pathologies according to published studies.
获得性釉质 pellicle（AEP）由一层有机、无细胞且无菌的薄膜组成，它是生物分子在牙齿表面吸附的结果，在体内形成。它由蛋白质、糖蛋白、脂质、磷脂以及其他大分子（如碳水化合物）组成。AEP 的形成过程很复杂，可分为三个阶段：起始、发展和成熟。pellicle 有两个主要层：球状层和基底层。基底层对脱矿的保护作用最强，因为随后的球状层较弱且粘性较小。AEP 的形成会受到多种因素的影响，如牙齿的物理化学性质、在口腔中的位置、病理状况，甚至口腔微生物群。随着“组学”技术的进步，已能够观察到 AEP 中存在耐酸蛋白，这促成了“获得性 pellicle 工程”策略的发展。该策略涉及用耐酸蛋白富集和修饰基底层。在这些蛋白质中，血红蛋白、富含组氨酸的糖蛋白衍生肽和一种源自甘蔗的蛋白质最为突出。这篇文献综述的目的是全面概述 AEP，详细介绍其组成、形成过程和保护功能。此外，该综述旨在探索“获得性 pellicle 工程”领域的最新进展，突出 AEP 的耐酸蛋白及其在牙科中的潜在应用。最后，该综述旨在强调这些发现的临床意义，以及根据已发表的研究，它们如何可能有助于开发预防和治疗牙科疾病的新策略。
