Yuan Lin, Stoddard Madison, Sarkar Sharanya, Egeren Debra van, Mangalaganesh Shruthi, Nolan Ryan P, Rogers Michael S, Hather Greg, White Laura F, Chakravarty Arijit
Fractal Therapeutics, Lexington, MA 02420, USA.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 Mar 30;13(4):368. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13040368.
While the rapid deployment of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines had a significant impact on the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, rapid viral immune evasion and waning neutralizing antibody titers have degraded vaccine efficacy. Nevertheless, vaccine manufacturers and public health authorities have a number of options at their disposal to maximize the benefits of vaccination. In particular, the effect of booster schedules on vaccine performance bears further study. To better understand the effect of booster schedules on vaccine performance, we used an agent-based modeling framework and a population pharmacokinetic model to simulate the impact of boosting frequency on the durability of vaccine protection against infection and severe acute disease. Our work suggests that repeated dosing at frequent intervals (three or more times a year) may offset the degradation of vaccine efficacy, preserving the utility of vaccines in managing the ongoing pandemic. Given the practical significance of potential improvements in vaccine utility, clinical research to better understand the effects of repeated vaccination would be highly impactful. These findings are particularly relevant as public health authorities worldwide have reduced the frequency of boosters to once a year or less.
虽然SARS-CoV-2疫苗的迅速部署对持续的COVID-19大流行产生了重大影响，但病毒的快速免疫逃逸和中和抗体滴度的下降降低了疫苗效力。尽管如此，疫苗制造商和公共卫生当局仍有多种选择可用来最大限度地提高疫苗接种的益处。特别是，加强免疫接种计划对疫苗性能的影响值得进一步研究。为了更好地理解加强免疫接种计划对疫苗性能的影响，我们使用了基于主体的建模框架和群体药代动力学模型来模拟加强免疫频率对疫苗预防感染和严重急性疾病的保护持久性的影响。我们的研究表明，频繁间隔重复给药（每年三次或更多次）可能抵消疫苗效力的下降，保持疫苗在应对当前大流行中的效用。鉴于疫苗效用潜在改善的实际意义，开展临床研究以更好地了解重复接种的效果将具有重大影响。鉴于全球公共卫生当局已将加强免疫的频率降至每年一次或更低，这些发现尤为重要。
