Peng Xiaofang, Han Yuru, Xue Song, Zhou Yunjiao, Jiang Weiyu, Xia Anqi, Wu Wei, Gao Yidan, Wu Fan, Wang Qiao
Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201619, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 Apr 18;13(4):425. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13040425.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of viral entry has been documented for SARS-CoV-2 infection both in vitro and in vivo. However, the potential for the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination to elicit similar ADE effects remains unclear.
In this study, we assessed the in vitro ADE potential of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from individuals vaccinated with the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and compared them to those from one convalescent donor.
Our analysis revealed no significant difference in binding affinity or neutralizing capacity between the vaccinated and convalescent mAbs. However, the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induced fewer ADE-inducing mAbs, particularly those targeting the Class III epitope on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) compared to those from the convalescent individual. Moreover, no significant in vitro ADE was detected in either vaccinated or convalescent sera, indicating low levels of ADE-inducing antibodies in the sera.
An inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces fewer ADE-inducing antibodies compared to natural infection, further emphasizing the safety of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
背景/目的：体外和体内研究均已证明，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染存在抗体依赖增强（ADE）现象。然而，SARS-CoV-2疫苗引发类似ADE效应的可能性仍不明确。
在本研究中，我们评估了接种灭活SARS-CoV-2疫苗个体产生的单克隆抗体（mAb）的体外ADE潜力，并将其与一名康复者捐赠的抗体进行比较。
我们的分析显示，接种疫苗和康复者的mAb在结合亲和力或中和能力上没有显著差异。然而，与康复者相比，灭活SARS-CoV-2疫苗诱导产生的ADE诱导性mAb较少，尤其是那些靶向受体结合域（RBD）上III类表位的mAb。此外，接种疫苗或康复者的血清中均未检测到显著的体外ADE，表明血清中ADE诱导性抗体水平较低。
与自然感染相比，灭活SARS-CoV-2疫苗诱导产生的ADE诱导性抗体较少，这进一步证明了灭活SARS-CoV-2疫苗的安全性。
