Wu Junxue, Yu Pingzhong, Zou Ziyu, Zhao Ercheng, Jing Junjie, Zhang Jinwei, Tao Yan, Ren Lirui, He Min, Chen Li, Han Ping
Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit and Vegetable Pests in North China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
Molecules. 2025 Apr 17;30(8):1803. doi: 10.3390/molecules30081803.
The global application of neonicotinoids (NEOs) has precipitated pervasive contamination of agricultural matrices, with China's staple crop lands representing critical exposure hotspots. The occurrence and ecological risks of ten NEOs in the field soils of three major crops (i.e., rice, wheat and corn) in China were investigated in the present study. Employing an optimized UPLC-MS/MS method (LOQ = 0.01-1.7 ng/g, RSD < 12.21%), ten NEOs across 69 representative field soils (rice: 23, corn: 18, wheat: 28) were quantified. It was found that the detection frequency (DF) of the NEOs was 100% in the soil. The DFs of NEOs in the soil followed the rule: imidacloprid (IMI, 100%) > thiamethoxam (TMX, 88.4%) > clothianidin (CLO, 87.0%) > acetamiprid (ACE, 46.4%) > dinotefuran (DIN, 7.2%) > nitenpyram (NIT, 1.4%). Mean total detected NEOs concentrations exhibited crop-dependent type: wheat (1.77-214.55 ng/g) > corn (0.79-97.53 ng/g) > rice (0.75-72.97 ng/g). The IMI, CLO and TMX triad constituted over 90% of the total contribution of detected NEOs. In addition, CLO and TMX in the rice soils, IMI, CLO and TMX in the corn soils and IMI, CLO and TMX in the wheat soils had medium ecological risks. Therefore, it is particularly important for agricultural ecological protection to strengthen monitoring and take effective measures to protect agricultural ecology.
新烟碱类农药（NEOs）在全球范围内的广泛应用导致了农业基质的普遍污染，中国的主要农作物种植地是关键的暴露热点地区。本研究调查了中国三种主要农作物（即水稻、小麦和玉米）田间土壤中十种新烟碱类农药的存在情况及生态风险。采用优化的超高效液相色谱 - 串联质谱法（定量限 = 0.01 - 1.7 ng/g，相对标准偏差 < 12.21%），对69份代表性田间土壤（水稻：23份，玉米：18份，小麦：28份）中的十种新烟碱类农药进行了定量分析。结果发现，新烟碱类农药在土壤中的检出频率（DF）为100%。土壤中新烟碱类农药的检出频率遵循以下规律：吡虫啉（IMI，100%）> 噻虫嗪（TMX，88.4%）> 氯虫苯甲酰胺（CLO，87.0%）> 啶虫脒（ACE，46.4%）> 呋虫胺（DIN，7.2%）> 烯啶虫胺（NIT，1.4%）。检测到的新烟碱类农药总浓度呈现出作物依赖性：小麦（1.77 - 214.55 ng/g）> 玉米（0.79 - 97.53 ng/g）> 水稻（0.75 - 72.97 ng/g）。吡虫啉、氯虫苯甲酰胺和噻虫嗪三者占检测到的新烟碱类农药总贡献的90%以上。此外，水稻土壤中的氯虫苯甲酰胺和噻虫嗪、玉米土壤中的吡虫啉、氯虫苯甲酰胺和噻虫嗪以及小麦土壤中的吡虫啉、氯虫苯甲酰胺和噻虫嗪具有中等生态风险。因此，加强监测并采取有效措施保护农业生态对于农业生态保护尤为重要。
