School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2023 Jul;42(7):1516-1528. doi: 10.1002/etc.5630. Epub 2023 May 16.
Neonicotinoids have been among the most widely and abundantly used insecticides for most of the current century. The effects of these substances on nontarget terrestrial and aquatic organisms have resulted in a significant decrease in their use in many parts of the world. In response, the application of several novel classes of insecticides including diamides, ketoenols, pyridines, and butenolides has significantly increased. The hexapod subclass Collembola is an ecologically significant and widely distributed group of soil invertebrates often found in leaf litter and in surficial soils. We exposed the parthenogenic collembolan species Folsomia candida to six insecticides in a sandy loam soil for 28 days, including two neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam and clothianidin), a diamide (cyantraniliprole), a ketoenol (spirotetramat), a pyridine (flonicamid), and a butanolide (flupyradifurone) to assess the effect of each insecticide on survival and reproduction. Clothianidin, thiamethoxam, and cyantraniliprole (median effective concentration [EC50] values for reproduction: 0.19, 0.38, and 0.49 mg/kg soil, respectively) had a greater effect on survival and reproduction of F. candida than flupyradifurone, spirotetramat, and flonicamid (EC50 values for reproduction: 0.73, >3.08, and 5.20 mg/kg soil, respectively). All significant impacts found in our study were observed at concentrations below concentrations of the active ingredients that would be expected in agricultural soils. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1516-1528. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
新烟碱类杀虫剂在本世纪大部分时间里都是使用最广泛、最丰富的杀虫剂之一。这些物质对非靶标陆地和水生生物的影响导致它们在世界许多地区的使用量显著减少。作为回应，几种新型杀虫剂的应用显著增加，包括二酰胺类、酮烯醇类、吡啶类和丁烯内酯类。六足亚纲弹尾目是一个生态上重要且分布广泛的土壤无脊椎动物群，通常在落叶和表土中发现。我们将六足亚纲弹尾目昆虫模式种 Folsomia candida 暴露于沙壤土中六种杀虫剂 28 天，包括两种新烟碱类杀虫剂（噻虫嗪和噻虫胺）、一种二酰胺类杀虫剂（氰氟虫腙）、一种酮烯醇类杀虫剂（螺虫乙酯）、一种吡啶类杀虫剂（氟虫酰胺）和一种丁烯内酯类杀虫剂（氟吡呋喃酮），以评估每种杀虫剂对生存和繁殖的影响。氯虫苯甲酰胺、噻虫嗪和氰氟虫腙（繁殖的中效浓度[EC50]值分别为 0.19、0.38 和 0.49mg/kg 土壤）对 F. candida 的生存和繁殖影响大于氟吡呋喃酮、螺虫乙酯和氟虫酰胺（繁殖的 EC50 值分别为 0.73、>3.08 和 5.20mg/kg 土壤）。我们研究中发现的所有显著影响都发生在低于农业土壤中有效成分浓度的浓度下。环境毒理化学 2023；42:1516-1528。©2023 作者。环境毒理化学由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版。
