Kwek Vanessa Hm, Lim Fiona Yq
Occupational Therapy, Abilities Beyond Limitations and Expectations Limited, Singapore.
Occupational Therapy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
Br J Occup Ther. 2022 Sep;85(9):662-668. doi: 10.1177/03080226211067428. Epub 2022 Jan 31.
Despite extensive research about improving the effectiveness of falls prevention interventions, at-risk individuals are not always willing recipients. Reasons for rejecting treatments are still poorly understood. Applying the health belief model (HBM), if perceived severity and susceptibility can be understood in the context of falling, this might better inform intervention designs.
Sixty-two participants were recruited from inpatient wards at a local acute hospital. Participants completed two self-report questionnaires, the Staying Independent Checklist (SIC) and the Falls Efficacy Scale - International (FES-I), measuring perceived susceptibility and severity respectively.
One-way ANOVA analysis revealed a significant association between FES-I total scores and SIC score categories [ (1,60) = 6.277, = .015].Stepwise regression with backward elimination also found that falls history (β = .292, = .033), sex (β = .269, = .042), and FIM lower body dressing (β = - .286, = .035) had significant associations with FES-I scores.
Level of perceived susceptibility and severity of falling should be considered when determining if falls prevention interventions are relevant, regardless of functional ability and physical health status. Future research to determine the underlying mechanisms which drives health behaviours related to falls prevention should be conducted.
尽管对提高预防跌倒干预措施的有效性进行了广泛研究，但高危个体并不总是愿意接受干预。拒绝治疗的原因仍知之甚少。应用健康信念模型（HBM），如果能在跌倒的背景下理解感知到的严重性和易感性，这可能会为干预设计提供更好的信息。
从当地一家急症医院的住院病房招募了62名参与者。参与者完成了两份自我报告问卷，即《保持独立清单》（SIC）和《国际跌倒效能量表》（FES-I），分别测量感知到的易感性和严重性。
单因素方差分析显示FES-I总分与SIC分数类别之间存在显著关联[F(1,60)=6.277，p=.015]。采用向后剔除的逐步回归分析还发现，跌倒史（β=.292，p=.033）、性别（β=.269，p=.042）和FIM下肢穿衣项目（β=-.286，p=.035）与FES-I分数有显著关联。
在确定预防跌倒干预措施是否适用时，应考虑感知到的跌倒易感性和严重性水平，而不论其功能能力和身体健康状况如何。未来应开展研究，以确定驱动与预防跌倒相关健康行为的潜在机制。
