Del Bene Alessandra, D'Aniello Antonia, Mottola Salvatore, Mazzarella Vincenzo, Cutolo Roberto, Campagna Erica, Benedetti Rosaria, Altucci Lucia, Cosconati Sandro, Di Maro Salvatore, Messere Anna
Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Caserta Italy
CNR-Institute of Crystallography Via Vivaldi 43 81100 Caserta Italy.
RSC Med Chem. 2025 Apr 24. doi: 10.1039/d5md00032g.
Vaccinology has revolutionized modern medicine, delivering groundbreaking solutions to prevent and control infectious diseases while pioneering innovative strategies to tackle non-infectious challenges, including cancer. Traditional vaccines faced inherent limitations, driving the evolution of next-generation vaccines such as subunit vaccines, peptide-based vaccines, and nucleic acid-based platforms. Among these, nucleic acid-based vaccines, including DNA and mRNA technologies, represent a major innovation. Pioneering studies in the 1990s demonstrated their ability to elicit immune responses by encoding specific antigens. Recent advancements in delivery systems and molecular engineering have overcome initial challenges, enabling their rapid development and clinical success. This review explores nucleic acid-based vaccines, including chemically modified variants, by examining their mechanisms, structural features, and therapeutic potential, while underscoring their pivotal role in modern immunization strategies and expanding applications across contemporary medicine.
疫苗学彻底改变了现代医学，提供了开创性的解决方案来预防和控制传染病，同时开创了应对包括癌症在内的非传染性挑战的创新策略。传统疫苗存在固有的局限性，推动了下一代疫苗的发展，如亚单位疫苗、基于肽的疫苗和基于核酸的平台。其中，基于核酸的疫苗，包括DNA和mRNA技术，代表了一项重大创新。20世纪90年代的开创性研究证明了它们通过编码特定抗原来引发免疫反应的能力。递送系统和分子工程方面的最新进展克服了最初的挑战，使其能够快速发展并取得临床成功。本综述通过研究基于核酸的疫苗（包括化学修饰变体）的机制、结构特征和治疗潜力，探讨了它们在现代免疫策略中的关键作用以及在当代医学中的扩展应用。
