Haghmorad Dariush, Eslami Majid, Orooji Niloufar, Halabitska Iryna, Kamyshna Iryna, Kamyshnyi Oleksandr, Oksenych Valentyn
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2025 Mar 12;13:1547025. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1547025. eCollection 2025.
The advent of mRNA vaccines, accelerated by the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic, marks a transformative shift in vaccine technology. In this article, we discuss the development, current applications, and prospects of mRNA vaccines for both the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and oncology. By leveraging the capacity to encode antigens within host cells directly, mRNA vaccines provide a versatile and scalable platform suitable for addressing a broad spectrum of pathogens and tumor-specific antigens. We highlight recent advancements in mRNA vaccine design, innovative delivery mechanisms, and ongoing clinical trials, with particular emphasis on their efficacy in combating infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, Zika, and influenza, as well as their emerging potential in cancer immunotherapy. We also address critical challenges, including vaccine stability, optimization of immune responses, and the broader issue of global accessibility. Finally, we review potential strategies for advancing next-generation mRNA vaccines, with the aim of overcoming current limitations in vaccine technology and enhancing both preventive and therapeutic approaches for infectious and oncological diseases.
在全球对新冠疫情的应对加速推动下，mRNA疫苗的出现标志着疫苗技术发生了变革性转变。在本文中，我们讨论了mRNA疫苗在预防和治疗传染病及肿瘤方面的发展、当前应用和前景。通过利用直接在宿主细胞内编码抗原的能力，mRNA疫苗提供了一个通用且可扩展的平台，适用于应对广泛的病原体和肿瘤特异性抗原。我们重点介绍了mRNA疫苗设计、创新递送机制和正在进行的临床试验方面的最新进展，特别强调了它们在对抗新冠、寨卡和流感等传染病方面的功效，以及它们在癌症免疫治疗中新兴的潜力。我们还探讨了关键挑战，包括疫苗稳定性、免疫反应的优化以及全球可及性这一更广泛的问题。最后，我们回顾了推进下一代mRNA疫苗的潜在策略，旨在克服当前疫苗技术的局限性，并加强针对传染病和肿瘤疾病的预防和治疗方法。
