Efficacy of bone cement volume in unilateral kyphoplasty of thoracolumbar compression fractures: A clinical comparative study.

OBJECTIVE

To compare the clinical and radiological e!cacy of bone cement volumes injected during unilateral percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty for thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures.

METHODS

In this retrospective study, we reviewed data from 96 patients who underwent single-level unilateral kyphoplasty. The patients were categorized into 2 groups based on the cement volume injected: group 1 (cement volume "4 mL, minimum 3 mL; n=48) and group 2 (cement volume >4 mL, maximum 6 mL; n=48). The clinical outcomes, as assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores, were evaluated preoperatively and then at the final follow-up 1 month postoperatively. The vertebral corpus height at the fracture level was measured at the anterior, middle, and posterior regions through sagittal computed tomography scanning.

RESULTS

The mean age of the patients was 64.2 years in group 1 and 63.8 years in group 2. In group 1, the mean anterior vertebral height increased from 19.0 ± 3.3 mm preoperatively to 19.9 ± 3.2 mm postoperatively, whereas in group 2, it increased from 17.9 ± 3.8 mm to 19.6 ± 3.7 mm, respectively. The middle vertebral heights were 15.4 ± 2.5 mm preoperatively and 16.9 ± 2.8 mm postoperatively in group 1 and 16.0 ± 3.6 mm and 17.5 ± 3.2 mm, respectively, in group 2. Both groups exhibited significant improvements in ODI and VAS scores, with no significant di#erence between the groups. A statistically significant increase was recorded within each group for the anterior, middle, and posterior vertebral heights. However, a significantly greater increase was noted in the anterior height in group 2 compared to that in group 1 (P < .05).

CONCLUSION

Unilateral kyphoplasty is an e#ective procedure for managing painful vertebral compression fractures. The greatest loss of vertebral height occurred in the middle column, which also exhibited the greatest potential for restoration. Thus, a higher cement volume facilitated greater restoration of the anterior column height.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Level III, Therapeutic Study.