Madihi Salma, Benani Abdelouaheb
Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.
Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.
Biologicals. 2025 May 7;91:101841. doi: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2025.101841.
Monkeypox (Mpox) is an infectious disease caused by the Monkeypox virus (MPXV), initially confined to Central and Western Africa, but now spreading globally. The clinical manifestations are often atypical in the current Mpox outbreak, in addition to the critical challenges in MPXV typing and the difficulty in reliably distinguishing between clades. Therefore, diagnosing Mpox based on clinical signs and symptoms only can be challenging. Current treatment is not specific to MPXV and primarily involves supportive care and antiviral drugs that inhibit viral DNA synthesis, such as Tecovirimat and Brincidofovir. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current laboratory techniques for MPXV detection, encompassing both direct and indirect diagnostic methods. It highlights recent advancements, evaluates the strengths and limitations of each approach, and proposes innovative strategies to enhance global diagnostic capabilities, including the potential roles of computational drug discovery and immunoinformatics in designing multi-epitope vaccines targeting MPXV and its variants. The most effective measure to control MPXV spread remains vaccination, timely diagnosis, isolation of infected individuals, maintaining personal hygiene, and avoiding contact with contaminated persons, objects, and animal waste.
猴痘是一种由猴痘病毒（MPXV）引起的传染病，最初局限于中非和西非，但现在正在全球蔓延。在当前的猴痘疫情中，临床表现往往不典型，此外，MPXV分型面临严峻挑战，难以可靠地区分不同分支。因此，仅根据临床体征和症状诊断猴痘可能具有挑战性。目前的治疗方法并非针对MPXV，主要包括支持性护理和抑制病毒DNA合成的抗病毒药物，如特考韦瑞和布林西多福韦。本综述全面概述了当前用于MPXV检测的实验室技术，包括直接和间接诊断方法。它突出了最近的进展，评估了每种方法的优缺点，并提出了增强全球诊断能力的创新策略，包括计算药物发现和免疫信息学在设计针对MPXV及其变体的多表位疫苗中的潜在作用。控制MPXV传播的最有效措施仍然是接种疫苗、及时诊断、隔离感染者、保持个人卫生以及避免接触受污染的人员、物品和动物粪便。
