Recent insights into Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides: Gastrointestinal, gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, overall health and structure-function correlation.

Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides (HEPs) have attracted significant interest due to their potential to support gastrointestinal health and modulate gut microbiota. However, while promising findings exist, a comprehensive understanding of the structure-function relationships and the mechanisms by which HEPs influence gut health and microbial metabolites remains limited. This review synthesizes recent advances in HEPs, detailing their bioactivity in gastrointestinal protection mechanisms, modulation of gut microbiota, production of key metabolites, regulation of immune responses, enhancement of intestinal barrier integrity, and interactions within the microbiota-gut-brain axis, thereby improving overall host health. Additionally, we explore the structural diversity of HEPs in relation to their biological functions, as well as advancements in HEP modification and drug delivery systems. As the potential for HEPs in the food and pharmaceutical industries grows, this review provides valuable insights into innovative approaches for utilizing HEPs to support intestinal health and overall well-being. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of HEPs and their broad-ranging health benefits.