Aldon-Villegas Rocio, Chamorro-Moriana Gema, Lopez-Tarrida Patricio, Benitez-Lugo Maria-Luisa
Department of Physiotherapy, Research Group "Area of Physiotherapy" CTS-305, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
Department of Sport and Computer Science, University of Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.
Clin Rehabil. 2025 Jul;39(7):914-922. doi: 10.1177/02692155251339380. Epub 2025 May 8.
BackgroundThe well-known drawer tests to assess glenohumeral laxity and instability have shown appropriate reliability, although analysed mainly in healthy subjects.ObjectiveTo evaluate the intra- and inter-rater reliability of anterior and posterior drawer tests in subjects with symptoms of shoulder instability.DesignClinometric study of intra- and inter-rater reliability of drawer tests was carried out following COSMIN recommendations and GRRAS checklist.SettingCentres with equipped facilities for assessments.ParticipantsThere were 105 participants (69 male/36 female) aged 18 to 60 years with instability symptoms in at least one shoulder. Each participant underwent bilateral assessments. The sample consists of 210 shoulders, unstable and healthy.InterventionAnterior and posterior drawer tests.Main measuresHumeral translations were assessed using drawer tests and graded with Hawkins scale, modified Hawkins and dichotomising (positive/negative). Two sessions were performed (seven to fourteen-day washout period): Each patient was evaluated by two examiners in the first session and by one of them in the second. Weighted Kappa analysed the reliability.ResultsThe intra-rater reliability of the anterior and posterior drawer tests was = 1) with the Hawkins scale. Inter-rater reliability was for the anterior drawer: = 0.76 (95%confidence interval: 0.67-0.85) with the Hawkins scale, = 0.78 (95%confidence interval: 0.69-0.87) with modified Hawkins, and = 0.80 (95%confidence interval: 0.71-0.89) dichotomising; and for the posterior drawer: = 0.62 (95%confidence interval: 0.52-0.72), = 0.67 (95%confidence interval: 0.57-0.78), and = 0.70 (95%confidence interval: 0.59-0.80), respectively.ConclusionDrawer tests demonstrated intra-rater and inter-rater reliability in subjects with symptoms of shoulder instability.
用于评估盂肱关节松弛度和不稳定性的著名抽屉试验已显示出适当的可靠性，尽管主要是在健康受试者中进行分析。
评估肩部不稳定症状患者前后抽屉试验的评分者内和评分者间可靠性。
按照COSMIN建议和GRRAS清单对抽屉试验的评分者内和评分者间可靠性进行临床测量研究。
具备评估设施的中心。
105名年龄在18至60岁之间的参与者（69名男性/36名女性），至少一侧肩部有不稳定症状。每位参与者均接受双侧评估。样本包括210个肩部，既有不稳定的也有健康的。
前后抽屉试验。
使用抽屉试验评估肱骨移位，并采用霍金斯量表、改良霍金斯量表进行分级以及二分法（阳性/阴性）。进行了两个阶段（7至14天的洗脱期）：在第一阶段，每位患者由两名检查者评估，在第二阶段由其中一名检查者评估。采用加权Kappa分析可靠性。
前后抽屉试验的评分者内可靠性对于霍金斯量表为……=1）。前抽屉试验的评分者间可靠性对于霍金斯量表为……=0.76（95%置信区间：0.67 - 0.85），对于改良霍金斯量表为……=0.78（95%置信区间：0.69 - 0.87），二分法时为……=0.80（95%置信区间：0.71 - 0.89）；后抽屉试验的评分者间可靠性分别为……=0.62（95%置信区间：0.52 - 0.72），……=0.67（95%置信区间：0.57 - 0.78），……=0.70（95%置信区间：0.59 - 0.80）。
抽屉试验在肩部不稳定症状患者中显示出评分者内和评分者间可靠性。
