Leveraging Nanoscience and Strategic Delivery for the Expedition of Osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a globally affecting bone disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density, in which women are more insidious to the disease. It accounts for 8.9 million fractures annually, and about 50% of repeated hip fractures cause permanent disabilities. With the knowledge of determinants and pathology, various FDA-approved drugs and therapies are available for the management of the disease, but the challenges associated with those therapies lead to the adoption of nanotechnology in osteoporosis management. The nanosystems developed for the management of osteoporosis are nanogenerators, nanobubbles, microneedles, nanogels, implantable delivery systems, nanoparticles, nanofibrous scaffolds, and nanocements that probably address the current challenges related to the diagnosis and cure. In view of targeted accumulation of the cargo, various moieties assisted the nanocarrier system for selective distribution to bone, and the development of different types of nanotechnology-based delivery systems has been briefed in this review.