Kim Joon Young, Song Kyungchul, Choi Youngha, Choi Byung-Sun, Chae Hyun Wook
Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Preventive Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Front Nutr. 2025 Apr 24;12:1554218. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1554218. eCollection 2025.
Obesity, which is caused by various congenital factors, lifestyle changes, and modernized eating habits, has recently emerged as a serious health concern in children and adolescents. According to the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted from 2007 to 2020, the prevalence of obesity and overweight in youth has shown an increasing trend over time. Notably, obesity has been studied in several studies. However, given its close association with rapidly changing societal environments and lifestyle patterns, continuous updates are necessary. Therefore, investigating the current state of obesity in children and adolescents is crucial. Herein, we investigated factors related to the prevalence of obesity.
We investigated 1912 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 years from 2017 to 2020 using data from the KNHANES. Known and suspected risk factors for lifestyle and eating habits were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Our study revealed a gradual increase in the proportion of individuals having overweight and obesity. Regarding risk factors for obesity, in the unadjusted model, older age (Odds ratio [OR], 1.11), sedentary time ≥12 h (OR, 1.29), and a higher calorie intake from protein (OR, 1.06) were positively associated with obesity, whereas female sex (OR, 0.52) and sleep duration ≥8 h (OR, 0.56) were negatively associated with obesity. These trends remained consistent in the adjusted model, with older age (OR, 1.10), sedentary time ≥12 h (OR, 1.46), higher protein intake (OR, 1.05), and skipping dinner ≥3 times per week (OR, 2.22) being positively associated with obesity and female sex (OR, 0.60) and sleep duration of 6-8 h (OR, 0.54) and ≥8 h (OR, 0.48) being negatively associated with obesity.
Obesity in Korean adolescents was significantly correlated with shorter sleep duration, more sedentary time, higher protein intake, and frequent meal skipping at dinner. These results highlight the necessity of focused public health initiatives that support healthy living practices, including healthy eating habits, less sedentary activity, and more sleep time.
肥胖由多种先天性因素、生活方式改变和现代化饮食习惯引起，最近已成为儿童和青少年严重的健康问题。根据2007年至2020年进行的韩国国家健康与营养检查调查（KNHANES），青少年肥胖和超重的患病率呈上升趋势。值得注意的是，已有多项研究对肥胖进行了探讨。然而，鉴于其与迅速变化的社会环境和生活方式模式密切相关，有必要持续更新相关研究。因此，调查儿童和青少年肥胖的现状至关重要。在此，我们调查了与肥胖患病率相关的因素。
我们利用KNHANES的数据，对2017年至2020年间1912名12至18岁的青少年进行了调查。使用单因素和多因素逻辑回归分析对已知和疑似的生活方式及饮食习惯风险因素进行了分析。
我们的研究显示超重和肥胖个体的比例逐渐上升。关于肥胖的风险因素，在未调整模型中，年龄较大（优势比[OR]，1.11）、久坐时间≥12小时（OR，1.29）以及蛋白质热量摄入较高（OR，1.06）与肥胖呈正相关，而女性（OR，0.52）和睡眠时间≥8小时（OR，0.56）与肥胖呈负相关。在调整模型中，这些趋势依然一致，年龄较大（OR，1.10）、久坐时间≥12小时（OR，1.46）、蛋白质摄入量较高（OR，1.05）以及每周晚餐跳过≥3次（OR，2.22）与肥胖呈正相关，而女性（OR，0.60）、睡眠时间为6 - 8小时（OR，0.54）和≥8小时（OR，0.48）与肥胖呈负相关。
韩国青少年肥胖与较短的睡眠时间、更多的久坐时间、较高的蛋白质摄入量以及频繁不吃晚餐显著相关。这些结果凸显了有针对性的公共卫生举措的必要性，这些举措应支持健康的生活方式，包括健康的饮食习惯、减少久坐活动以及增加睡眠时间。
