Muscle Moment Arm-Joint Angle Relations in the Hip, Knee, and Ankle: A Visualization of Datasets.

Muscle moment arm is a property that associates muscle force with joint moment and is crucial to biomechanical analysis. In musculoskeletal simulations, the accuracy of moment arm is as important as that of muscle force, and calibrating moment arms in a musculoskeletal model requires data from anatomical measurements. Nonetheless, such data are elusive, and the complex relation between moment arm and joint angle can be unclear. Using common techniques in systematic review, we collected a total of 300 moment arm datasets from literature and visualized the muscle moment arm-joint angle relations in the human hip, knee, and ankle. The findings contribute to the analysis of musculoskeletal mechanics and providing reference regarding the experimental design for future moment arm measurements.