Unusual etiology of life-threatening retroperitoneal hemorrhage in an end-stage renal disease patient post-hemodialysis: Simultaneous rupture of renal and splenic artery aneurysms.

INTRODUCTION

Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage resulting from rupture of splenic artery and renal artery aneurysm is a rare but potentially lethal complication.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A 42-year-old man with a history of resistant hypertension and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) arrived at our hospital with an unstable condition accompanied by excruciating abdominal pain, brought on by a massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage resulting from ruptured renal and splenic artery aneurysm after his most recent hemodialysis session. Despite emergency surgery and optimal supportive cares, the patient unfortunately passed away.

DISCUSSION

Renal artery aneurysm (RAA) is uncommon in patients who show no signs of predisposing variables such as systemic vasculitis or trauma. As far as we know, except for hypertension and ESRD, our patient had none of these risk factors. It is challenging to identify the relationship between RAA and hypertension because of its rarity. However, prior research thoroughly examined its co-occurrence with splenic and cerebral aneurysms, as our patient had experienced.

CONCLUSION

Even with the best surgical and non-surgical interventions, spontaneous aneurysmal rupture of the renal and splenic arteries can lead to high mortality rates. Therefore, greater caution should be undertaken to diagnose these aneurysms early.