Wu Lijun, Huang Yiying, Chen Yiren, Liao Zijun, Li Shaoli, Liu Junting, Zong Xin Nan, Chen Fangfang
Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
BMJ Open. 2025 May 9;15(5):e095049. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-095049.
Obesity is a growing global public health problem that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of body composition on cardiometabolic indicators in children.
Cross-sectional analysis.
China, the Beijing Children and Adolescents Health Cohort Study between 2022 and 2023.
This cross-sectional study included 5555 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years from 11 kindergartens and schools.
We measured body composition using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis and assessed the cardiometabolic indicators, including blood pressure, plasma glucose and lipids. Linear regression and binary logistic regression were performed to assess the associations between body composition and cardiometabolic abnormalities.
In boys, fat mass index (FMI) was positively correlated with total cholesterol (TC) (in normal fat-free mass (FFM) group, β=0.036, 95% CI 0.027 to 0.046; in high FFM group, β=0.034, 95% CI 0.016 to 0.051) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (in normal FFM group, β=0.019, 95% CI 0.012 to 0.026; in high FFM group, β=0.030, 95% CI 0.005 to 0.054). FFMI was negatively associated with TC only in the normal fat group (β=-0.047, 95% CI -0.069 to -0.034) in boys. However, in girls, FMI was not significantly associated with TC and was positively associated with FPG only in the normal FFM group (β=0.033, 95% CI 0.024 to 0.041), and FFMI was negatively correlated with TC (in normal fat group, β=-0.058, 95% CI -0.079 to -0.038; in high fat group, β=-0.049, 95% CI -0.084 to -0.015). Normal FFM-high fat (OR=2.065, 95% CI 1.379 to 3.091) and increased visceral fat region (OR=1.357, 95% CI 1.195 to 1.540) were risk factors for high TC in boys but not in girls.
Body composition was significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, and fat stored in different regions has differential influences on cardiometabolic indicators. There were sex differences in the relationships between body composition and cardiometabolic indicators. The findings suggest that body composition is more strongly correlated with cardiometabolic indicators in boys than in girls. Prevention of obesity and cardiometabolic abnormalities may be more important in boys.
肥胖是一个日益严重的全球公共卫生问题，会增加心血管疾病的风险。本研究的目的是评估儿童身体成分对心脏代谢指标的影响。
横断面分析。
中国，2022年至2023年北京儿童与青少年健康队列研究。
这项横断面研究纳入了来自11所幼儿园和学校的5555名6至17岁的儿童和青少年。
我们使用多频生物电阻抗分析测量身体成分，并评估心脏代谢指标，包括血压、血糖和血脂。进行线性回归和二元逻辑回归以评估身体成分与心脏代谢异常之间的关联。
在男孩中，脂肪质量指数（FMI）与总胆固醇（TC）呈正相关（在正常去脂体重（FFM）组中，β=0.036，95%CI为0.027至0.046；在高FFM组中，β=0.034，95%CI为0.016至0.051）以及空腹血糖（FPG）（在正常FFM组中，β=0.019，95%CI为0.012至0.026；在高FFM组中，β=0.030，95%CI为0.005至0.054）。仅在男孩的正常脂肪组中，FFMI与TC呈负相关（β=-0.047，95%CI为-0.069至-0.034）。然而，在女孩中，FMI与TC无显著关联，仅在正常FFM组中与FPG呈正相关（β=0.033，95%CI为0.024至0.041），并且FFMI与TC呈负相关（在正常脂肪组中，β=-0.058，95%CI为-0.079至-0.038；在高脂肪组中，β=-0.049，95%CI为-0.084至-0.015）。正常FFM-高脂肪（OR=2.065，95%CI为1.379至3.091）和内脏脂肪区域增加（OR=1.357，95%CI为1.195至1.540）是男孩高TC的危险因素，但女孩不是。
身体成分与心脏代谢危险因素显著相关，不同区域储存的脂肪对心脏代谢指标有不同影响。身体成分与心脏代谢指标之间的关系存在性别差异。研究结果表明，男孩的身体成分与心脏代谢指标的相关性比女孩更强。预防肥胖和心脏代谢异常在男孩中可能更为重要。
