College of Business Administration, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Korea.
The Global Prediction Co., Ltd., Gwangmyeong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
BMC Pediatr. 2024 Oct 30;24(1):692. doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-05166-3.
The changes in body composition during puberty not only contribute to the differences in body composition between adult males and females but also have associations with growth problems and metabolic disorders, including obesity. Therefore, understanding the changes in body composition during the pubertal period and analyzing reference values based on race and gender are essential research resources. The objective of this study was to generate reference centiles for body composition on a monthly basis using an extensive dataset of body composition information from Korean children and adolescents.
A total of 88,069 measurements from 22,515 children (11,062 boys and 11,453 girls) aged 7-16 years using a bioelectrical impedance analysis were included in the study after performing a Z-score-based data management procedure. Height, weight, body fat mass (BFM), and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured and used to derive body fat percentage (BF%), body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI). Sex- and age-specific centiles were estimated using generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape with the Box-Cox Cole and Green distribution (i.e., lambda-mu-sigma method).
The sex- and age-related disparities in body composition were most pronounced when weight was partitioned into BFM and FFM. In boys, the FFM increased markedly during pubertal growth spurts, whereas BFM remained relatively stable. In girls, the BFM increased steadily, whereas the rate of FFM increased slowly. The BMI increased steadily with age in both sexes. However, when BMI was parsed into FMI and FFMI, it became clear that the FFMI increased substantially during pubertal growth in boys, whereas the FMI peaked around age 11 and then declined. Conversely, the FMI increased steadily in girls, albeit with a slowing rate in the increase of the FFMI beginning around age 12.
This study produced age- and sex-specific reference percentiles for body composition indices in Korean children and adolescents using extensive biometric data.
青春期的身体成分变化不仅导致成年男女之间的身体成分差异，还与生长问题和代谢紊乱有关，包括肥胖。因此，了解青春期身体成分的变化，并根据种族和性别分析参考值，是必不可少的研究资源。本研究的目的是利用韩国儿童和青少年广泛的身体成分信息数据集，按月生成身体成分参考百分位数。
共纳入 22515 名 7-16 岁儿童（男 11062 名，女 11453 名）的 88069 次生物电阻抗分析测量值，这些数据经过基于 Z 分数的数据管理程序处理。测量身高、体重、体脂肪量（BFM）和去脂体重（FFM），并用于推导体脂百分比（BF%）、体质指数（BMI）、脂肪量指数（FMI）和去脂体重指数（FFMI）。使用广义加性模型（位置、比例和形状），结合 Box-Cox Cole 和 Green 分布（即 lambda-mu-sigma 方法），对性别和年龄特定的百分位数进行估计。
在将体重分为 BFM 和 FFM 时，男孩和女孩的身体成分性别和年龄差异最为显著。在男孩中，FFM 在青春期生长突增期间显著增加，而 BFM 相对稳定。在女孩中，BFM 稳步增加，而 FFM 增加缓慢。在两性中，BMI 随着年龄的增长而稳步增加。然而，当 BMI 被解析为 FMI 和 FFMI 时，很明显男孩的 FFMI 在青春期生长突增期间显著增加，而 FMI 在 11 岁左右达到峰值，然后下降。相反，FMI 在女孩中稳步增加，尽管从 12 岁左右开始，FFMI 的增加速度放缓。
本研究使用广泛的生物测量数据，为韩国儿童和青少年生成了年龄和性别特异性的身体成分指数参考百分位数。
