Hassanzadeh Kobra, Ahmadi-Kandjani Sohrab, Kheradmand Reza, Mortazavi Seyed Amir
Faculty of Physics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Research Institute for Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 9;15(1):16194. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-01283-w.
In this paper, we present an orthogonal ghost imaging (OGI) method based on two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (2D-DCT) patterns. Unlike traditional methods that are based on random or sinusoidal patterns, our method relies on structured orthogonal patterns to enhance both image quality and reconstruction speed, outperforming random and sinusoidal-based approaches in terms of reconstruction fidelity and computational efficiency. A new reconstruction formula is derived in our approach. In addition, using a phase-shift illumination pattern technique helps to effectively reduce environmental noise. Simulation and experimental results show that high-quality image reconstruction is achievable even with reduced sampling rates. For instance, using only 30% of the measurements is enough to meet the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) threshold predicted by Shannon entropy. Compared to differential and sinusoidal ghost imaging techniques, the proposed method consistently outperforms them in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and reconstruction efficiency. These findings suggest that OGI offers a promising direction for efficient and low-cost ghost imaging systems.
在本文中，我们提出了一种基于二维离散余弦变换（2D-DCT）模式的正交鬼成像（OGI）方法。与基于随机或正弦模式的传统方法不同，我们的方法依靠结构化正交模式来提高图像质量和重建速度，在重建保真度和计算效率方面优于基于随机和正弦的方法。我们的方法推导出了一个新的重建公式。此外，使用相移照明模式技术有助于有效降低环境噪声。仿真和实验结果表明，即使采样率降低，也能实现高质量的图像重建。例如，仅使用30%的测量值就足以满足香农熵预测的峰值信噪比（PSNR）阈值。与差分和正弦鬼成像技术相比，该方法在信噪比（SNR）和重建效率方面始终优于它们。这些发现表明，OGI为高效低成本的鬼成像系统提供了一个有前景的方向。
