Nairn Leah N, Aziz Amar, Moayad Lana, Gyemi Lauren A, Simunovic Nicole, Madden Kim, Simunovic Marko, Ayeni Olufemi R
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025 May 10. doi: 10.1007/s12178-025-09974-7.
The main purpose of this review was to summarize the current evidence on treatment and outcomes of sports injuries requiring surgical intervention in female and non-binary athletes and identify key gaps in the related literature concerning sports injuries requiring surgical intervention to guide future research.
Of the 59 included studies, all focused on biological sex or sex-based differences, while none of the studies discussed gender or the inclusion of non-binary and transgender individuals. Most of the studies (47/59, 80%) focused on ACL reconstruction (37%), hip arthroscopy (27%) or rotator cuff repair (15%). Important sex-based differences were seen with these injuries including differences in fears regarding recovery after ACL injury and pre- and post-operative pain scores following rotator cuff injury. Despite increasing recognition of the role of biologic sex in the treatment and outcomes of sports injuries, very little is known about the impact of gender in sports injuries. Previous sociological literature suggests that gender may play an important role in one's athletic experience, and thus their injury experience. With most of the included studies focused on only three injury types, the experiences of female and non-binary athletes with all other sports injuries are poorly characterized. The lack of gender-inclusive sports injuries research means that the complete experiences of female, non-binary and transgender athletes are not comprehensively captured in the current literature. Future research should aim to characterize the effect of gender on the treatment and outcomes on all sport-related injuries, with the goal of providing inclusive surgical care for all athletes.
本综述的主要目的是总结目前关于女性和非二元性别运动员需要手术干预的运动损伤治疗及预后的证据，并找出相关文献中关于需要手术干预的运动损伤的关键空白，以指导未来研究。
在纳入的59项研究中，所有研究都聚焦于生理性别或基于性别的差异，而没有一项研究讨论性别或纳入非二元性别和跨性别个体。大多数研究（47/59，80%）聚焦于前交叉韧带重建（37%）、髋关节镜检查（27%）或肩袖修复（15%）。这些损伤存在重要的基于性别的差异，包括前交叉韧带损伤后对恢复的恐惧差异以及肩袖损伤前后的疼痛评分差异。尽管人们越来越认识到生理性别在运动损伤治疗和预后中的作用，但对于性别在运动损伤中的影响知之甚少。以往的社会学文献表明，性别可能在一个人的运动经历中，进而在其损伤经历中发挥重要作用。由于大多数纳入研究仅关注三种损伤类型，女性和非二元性别运动员在所有其他运动损伤方面的经历描述不足。缺乏性别包容性的运动损伤研究意味着当前文献没有全面涵盖女性、非二元性别和跨性别运动员的完整经历。未来的研究应旨在描述性别对所有与运动相关损伤的治疗和预后的影响，目标是为所有运动员提供包容性的手术护理。
