Wadhonkar Khandu, Singh Yashi, Rughetti Aurelia, Das Soumalya, Yangdol Rigzin, Sk M Hassan, Baig Mirza S
Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India.
Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
Mol Biol Rep. 2025 May 10;52(1):451. doi: 10.1007/s11033-025-10535-x.
Cancer is a deadly disease marked by abnormal cell growth, proliferation, and metastasis-the spread of cancer from its origin to distant sites. A key factor in tumor progression is the tumor microenvironment (TME), which significantly influences tumor behavior and response to treatment. Within the TME, interactions between cancer cells and surrounding immune cells, particularly tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), play a critical role in shaping immune responses. This review focuses on recent findings from a systematic PubMed search regarding cancer cell-derived exosomal glycoproteins and their role in modulating macrophage phenotypes. Tumor-derived exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle (EV), carry glycoproteins-proteins with attached sugar chains-that can influence macrophage polarization. These glycoproteins can reprogram macrophages into either the M1 phenotype (proinflammatory and anti-tumor) or the M2 phenotype (anti-inflammatory and tumor-supportive). The M1 macrophages inhibit tumor progression, while M2 macrophages support tumor growth by promoting immune suppression and tissue remodeling. Understanding how exosomal glycoproteins drive this polarization offers critical insight into cancer immunology and may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies targeting the TME.
癌症是一种致命疾病，其特征为细胞异常生长、增殖和转移，即癌症从起源部位扩散到远处。肿瘤微环境（TME）是肿瘤进展的一个关键因素，它对肿瘤行为和治疗反应有重大影响。在肿瘤微环境中，癌细胞与周围免疫细胞，特别是肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）之间的相互作用，在塑造免疫反应中起着关键作用。本综述重点关注从PubMed系统检索中获得的关于癌细胞衍生的外泌体糖蛋白及其在调节巨噬细胞表型中作用的最新发现。肿瘤衍生的外泌体是一种细胞外囊泡（EV），携带糖蛋白（带有连接糖链的蛋白质），可影响巨噬细胞极化。这些糖蛋白可将巨噬细胞重编程为M1表型（促炎和抗肿瘤）或M2表型（抗炎和支持肿瘤）。M1巨噬细胞抑制肿瘤进展，而M2巨噬细胞通过促进免疫抑制和组织重塑来支持肿瘤生长。了解外泌体糖蛋白如何驱动这种极化，可为癌症免疫学提供关键见解，并可能为针对肿瘤微环境的新型治疗策略铺平道路。
