Chahardoli Davood, Yousefi Naser, de Castro Bram Orobio, Berry Vashti
Department of Counselling, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Prev (2022). 2025 May 10. doi: 10.1007/s10935-025-00848-9.
Although empirical evidence supports the effectiveness of the Incredible Years intervention in Western countries, few studies have investigated its effectiveness in Asian countries and no study has evaluated the implementation process of the program in Iran. The present randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of the Incredible Years Basic Parent Training (IYPT BASIC) with mothers of children with behavioral and emotional problems. For this purpose, mothers of 77 preschool children with behavioral and emotional problems were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 39) and control (n = 38) groups. The intervention group underwent 15 IYPT BASIC intervention sessions. RCT data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. A process evaluation was conducted exploring the delivery of the intervention in the Iranian context using adherence data, questionnaires with parents, and staff interviews to evaluate implementation challenges. Interview data were analyzed thematically. The program reduced children's behavioral and emotional problems (η = .45, p = .000 & η = .50, p = .000) and enhanced children's social skills (η = .08, p = .015). The study also demonstrated reductions in parenting stress of mothers (η = .59, p = .000), improved parent-child relationships (η = .80, p = .000), and enhanced quality of family life (η = .48, p = .000). Two main themes emerged in relation to the intervention process: cultural challenges and implementation challenges. Sub-themes included compatibility of IYPT elements with traditional Iranian parenting, cultural gap, motives and expectations of mothers, strict rules and cultural sensitivities, lack of financial support, fidelity to protocol, and preservation and maintenance. IYPT can be used as an effective intervention to promote the mental health of Iranian children and mothers. The implementation challenges and recommendations are discussed.
尽管实证证据支持“非凡岁月”干预措施在西方国家的有效性，但很少有研究调查其在亚洲国家的有效性，且尚无研究评估该项目在伊朗的实施过程。本随机对照试验（RCT）研究旨在检验“非凡岁月基础家长培训”（IYPT BASIC）对有行为和情绪问题儿童的母亲的影响。为此，将77名有行为和情绪问题的学龄前儿童的母亲随机分为干预组（n = 39）和对照组（n = 38）。干预组接受了15次IYPT BASIC干预课程。通过重复测量方差分析对RCT数据进行分析。采用依从性数据、家长问卷和工作人员访谈进行过程评估，以探索在伊朗背景下干预措施的实施情况，评估实施过程中的挑战。对访谈数据进行主题分析。该项目减少了儿童的行为和情绪问题（η = 0.45，p = 0.000；η = 0.50，p = 0.000），提高了儿童的社交技能（η = 0.08，p = 0.015）。该研究还表明，母亲的育儿压力有所降低（η = 0.59，p = 0.000），亲子关系得到改善（η = 0.80，p = 0.000），家庭生活质量得到提高（η = 0.48，p = 0.000）。与干预过程相关出现了两个主要主题：文化挑战和实施挑战。子主题包括IYPT要素与伊朗传统育儿方式的兼容性、文化差距、母亲的动机和期望、严格的规则和文化敏感性、缺乏财政支持、对方案的依从性以及保存和维护。IYPT可作为促进伊朗儿童和母亲心理健康的有效干预措施。文中讨论了实施挑战及建议。
