Rodríguez-Seijo Andrés, Pérez-Rodríguez Paula, Arias-Estévez Manuel, Gómez-Armesto Antía, Conde-Cid Manuel, Santás-Miguel Vanesa, Campillo-Cora Claudia, Ollio Irene, Lloret Eva, Martínez-Martínez Silvia, Zornoza Raúl, Waeyenberge Lieven, Schrader Stefan, Brandt Kristian Koefoed, Loit Kaire, Põldmets Marian, Shanskiy Merrit, Peltoniemi Krista, Hagner Marleena, Calviño David Fernández
Section for Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, As Lagoas s/n, Ourense 32004, Spain; Institute of Agroecology and Food (IAA), Universidade de Vigo - Campus Auga, Ourense 32004, Spain.
Section for Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, As Lagoas s/n, Ourense 32004, Spain; Institute of Agroecology and Food (IAA), Universidade de Vigo - Campus Auga, Ourense 32004, Spain.
J Hazard Mater. 2025 Aug 15;494:138291. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138291. Epub 2025 Apr 14.
Pesticide residues in agricultural soils represent an environmental concern that requires special attention due to their potential ecological and public health risks. We analyzed 614 pesticides in 188 wheat fields across Europe subjected to both conventional and organic farming systems. At least one pesticide residue was detected in 141 soils. Seventy-eight pesticides or their metabolites were detected. The presence of pesticides was significantly higher in both number and concentration in conventional fileds (up to 0.98 mg kg) compared to organically managed sites (up to 0.40 mg kg). A total of 88 % of conventional fields and 63 % of organic fields contained two or more pesticides. Conversion from conventional to organic farming does not guarantee that soils will be pesticide-free in the short term. Fenbutatin oxide was the most frequently detected pesticide in both farming systems, followed by AMPA. Other substances, such as boscalid, epoxiconazole, diflufenican, tebuconazole, dinoterb, bixafen, and DEET, were found in ≥ 10 % of samples. Some Persistent Organic Pollutants, including dieldrin, endosulfan sulphate, and chlorpyrifos, were also detected. Ecological risks were higher in conventionally managed fields, with 46 % exhibiting high-risk levels, compared to just 1 % in organic fields. Epoxiconazole and boscalid were the substances with the highest risk levels.
农业土壤中的农药残留是一个环境问题，因其潜在的生态和公共健康风险而需要特别关注。我们分析了欧洲188个采用传统和有机种植系统的麦田中的614种农药。在141块土壤中检测到至少一种农药残留。检测到78种农药或其代谢物。与有机管理的地块（最高0.40毫克/千克）相比，传统地块中农药的数量和浓度明显更高（最高0.98毫克/千克）。共有88%的传统地块和63%的有机地块含有两种或更多种农药。从传统种植转换为有机种植并不能保证短期内土壤无农药残留。在两种种植系统中，三唑锡是最常检测到的农药，其次是氨甲基膦酸。在≥10%的样本中还发现了其他物质，如啶酰菌胺、环氧唑菌唑、二氟吡隆、戊唑醇、地乐酚、联苯吡菌胺和避蚊胺。还检测到一些持久性有机污染物，包括狄氏剂、硫丹硫酸盐和毒死蜱。传统管理的地块生态风险更高，46%表现出高风险水平，而有机地块仅为1%。环氧唑菌唑和啶酰菌胺是风险水平最高的物质。
